1. Introduction to Vehicular Cloud Computing
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Introduction to Vehicular Cloud Computing 1 1

2. 10/30/2014
Modern Vehicles 2 2

3. VANET - Vehicular Ad hoc Network
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VANET - Vehicular Ad hoc Network
The concept of VANETs is quite simple: by incorporating the wireless communication and data sharing capabilities, the vehicles can be turned into a network providing similar services to the ones we are used to in our office or home networks.
Set of moving vehicles at will and treated as nodes within road infrastructure constraints
V2I (RVC), V2V (IVC) communications through DSRC (Dedicated Short Range Communication)
Aim
Improvement of traffic safety 3 3

4. VANET - Vehicular Ad hoc Network
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VANET - Vehicular Ad hoc Network 4 4

5. CC & MCC 10/30/2014 Cloud Computing Mobile Cloud Computing 5 5
“Enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction.” (NIST)
Mobile Cloud Computing
“…. an infrastructure where both the data storage and the data processing… outside of the mobile device. …computing power and data storage away from mobile phones and into the cloud”
Mobile cloud computing is based on the fact that, without financing in infrastructure, businesses can function by renting the infrastructure and the necessary software for their organization. 5 5

6. Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC)
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Vehicular Cloud Computing (VCC) 6 6

7. VCC 10/30/2014 Definition by Eltoweissy et al.(2011):
“A group of largely autonomous vehicles whose computing, sensing, communication and physical resources can be coordinated and dynamically allocated to authorized users.”
Unexploited computing resource
Parked vehicles
Vehicles stuck in the congestion
Parked cars in the airport
In the CC, MCC and Sensor-cloud architecture, a physical datacentre unit is in charge of performing the data computation and storage but in VCC, however, the virtual aggregated of vehicles' resources generates the datacentre cloud. 7 7

8. 10/30/2014
VCC Architecture
Three layers 8 8

9. VCC Services 10/30/2014 Network as a Service (NaaS)
Cars with internet facilities can offer this service
Advertisement of information among other vehicles
Storage as a Service (STaaS)
Different from offering network access or computing resources
Problem: Availability and reliability of data stored due to dynamic nature
Solution: Replication-based storage 9 9

10. VCC Services 10/30/2014 Cooperation as a Service (CaaS) 10 10
New form of community service to share:
Traffic jam warnings
Weather and road conditions
Parking availability etc.
In CaaS, users have preferences over services that they subscribe and share information through the network.
Formulation of the network as a cluster by using Content Based Routing (CBR)
CBR: information is disseminated based on content rather than destination address 10 10

11. VCC Services 10/30/2014 Computing as a Service
Registered vehicular cloud network in US is 256 million vehicle
Several hours in parking lot: unexploited storage and computing resource
Information as a Service (INaaS) and Entertainment as a Service (ENaaS)
Safe driving information such as road conditions, advance warnings etc.
Advertisements, commercials and movies as entertainment 11 11

12. Vehicular Cloud Formation Scenarios
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Vehicular Cloud Formation Scenarios
Stationary VC formation
Several cases VC may act as normal conventional cloud
Ex: Parked cars in a company’s parking lot during work hours
Why buy or rent when you have resources to waste!
Linked with a fixed infrastructure
Benefiting from static VC in support of
management of various events
Ex: Congested vehicles’ cloud power 12 12

13. VC Formation Scenarios
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VC Formation Scenarios
Dynamic formation 13 13

14. 10/30/2014
Applications of VCC 14 14

15. An airport as a datacenter
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An airport as a datacenter
Vehicles parked in long-term parking
Plugged into a standard power outlet
Connected to the Internet by Wifi or cable
Main issue
Scheduling resources and assigning computational tasks considering the time- varying departures and arrivals
Eucalyptus model
The Eucalyptus model involves a client-side API on one side of the network communicates with a cloud controller that is in charge of managing multiple cluster controllers. 15 15

16. An airport as a datacenter
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An airport as a datacenter
Eucalyptus model
Datacenter manager as cloud controller
Four components
Broker Daemon
Virtualization agent
Negotiation with various potential clients that require cloud service
Responsible for configuring the available cloud resources to meet the commitments
Resource Manager
Responsible for discovering and managing dynamically changes cloud resources
Task scheduler
Responsible for allocation of computational tasks to each cluster 16 16

17. Shopping mall data center
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Shopping mall data center
US statistics show that
95% of the shoppers spend more than 1 hour at a mall
68% of the shoppers spend more than 2 hours at a mall
Shopping mall management can exploit these resources by:
Offering Pay-as-you-go services in exchange for
Thousands of cars park in the malls for several hours Idle computing resources!
Perks such as free parking and extra discounts at the mall! 17 17

18. Dynamic Assignment of HOV Lanes
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Dynamic Assignment of HOV Lanes
Primary purpose of HOV lanes:
Increase in the transportation of total number of people in a congested area
Savings in travel time
Better travel time prediction
Primary beneficiaries: carpoolers, vanpoolers and transit users
Currently it is just used in rush hours due to lack of signals.
AVC can make recommendations for setting up HOV lanes dynamically
To increase traffic flow
To minimize travel times 18 18

19. References
pdf 19