1. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES: Data Update and Current Science Studies and Applications ARC-IONS Workshop University of Toronto January 8, 2009 Greg Osterman Representing the TES Science Team Jet Propulsion Laboratory/California Institute of Technology Copyright 2008 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.

2. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES on EOS-Aura Launched 2004.07.15

3. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Nadir Coverage Step & Stare footprints 45 km apart Special observation Global Survey footprints 180 km apart Every 2 days… 612 and counting Transect footprints 12 km apart Special observation TES Footprint 5 x 8 km

4. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Special Observations Step & Stare footprints 45 km apart Special observation Transect footprints 12 km apart Special observation TES Footprint 5 x 8 km Stare 32 scans at same target Special observation

5. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Special Observations

6. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer 10-100 hPa 100-500 hPa 500-1000 hPa Pressure (hPa) Clear (DOFS = 4.1) Cloud at 483 hPa (DOFS = 3.0) Averaging Kernels for Ozone

7. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Level 2 Data Version 2 The Version 2 TES data included: –Limb profiles valid in the stratosphere –Methane and limb retrievals (HNO 3, O 3, H 2 O, Temperature) are provisional in quality –Species dependent quality control information –Use of GMAO GEOS-4 products in L2 retrievals –F03_03 in filename –O 3, CO, H 2 O, HDO, TATM, SST validated with known biases Completely processed for data from Sep 2004 – Dec 31, 2006 Most of the validation work for TES L2 data products was done using this data version TES papers for JGR-Atmospheres Aura Validation Special Issue discuss analysis of Version 2 data (Nassar et al., 2008)

8. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Level 2 Data Version 3 The Version 3 TES data includes: –Limb profiles valid into the upper troposphere –Improvements to the temperature retrievals (updated CO 2 spectroscopy) –Improvements to the methane retrievals –Species dependent quality control information –Use of GMAO GEOS-5 products in L2 retrievals –O 3, CO, H 2 O, HDO, TATM, SST validated with known biases –CH4, Limb Products provisionally validated –F04_04 in filename TES Version 3 data products began processing January 2007 –Complete reprocessing completed (Sep 2004 – Sep 2008) TES data and documentation can be found: –Langley Atmospheric Science Data Center (http://eosweb.larc.nasa.gov/) –Aura Validation Data Center (http://avdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/) –TES L2 Data User’s Guide available at both sites –TES L2 Validation Report available at both sites

9. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Level 2 Data Version 4 The Version 4 TES data will include: –Limb profiles valid into the upper troposphere –Improvements to the temperature retrievals (updated CO 2 spectroscopy) –Improvements to the methane retrievals –Species dependent quality control information –Use of GMAO GEOS-5 products in L2 retrievals –F05_05 (GEOS-5.1) or F05_06 (GEOS-5.2) in filename Data production began September 2008 (forward processing) –Reprocess all version 4 data beginning in late January 2009 –Full reprocessing expected by late 2009 Preliminary validation analyses are underway

10. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Nadir Ozone Validation Overview Seasonal/Latitudinal statistics with ozonesonde comparisons High bias of 3-10 ppbv (sondes) High bias of ~7 ppbv (DIAL Lidar) Stratospheric column ~3 DU high compared with MLS Total column ~10 DU high compared with OMI Atmospheric variability affects the observed differences Analyses primarily using V002 data Relative variations in ozone measured by TES meaningful R Nassar et al., 2008 N Richards et al., 2008 G Osterman et al., 2008

11. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Nadir Ozone Validation Overview Seasonal/Latitudinal statistics with ozonesonde comparisons High bias of 3-10 ppbv (sondes) High bias of ~7 ppbv (DIAL Lidar) Stratospheric column ~3 DU high compared with MLS Total column ~10 DU high compared with OMI Atmospheric variability affects the observed differences Analyses primarily using V002 data Relative variations in ozone measured by TES meaningful R Nassar et al., 2008 N Richards et al., 2008 G Osterman et al., 2008

12. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer V03 V02 a priori October 2005, ozone at 618 hPa averaged on 4x5 resolution V03 ozone Ratio V03/V02 V02 ozone C-Curve retrievals in TES V03 ozone data

13. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer C-Curve test for TES V03 O 3 data TES C-Curve Flag Zhang test October 2005 Number of obs filteredRatio V03/V02 after test

14. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES V03 Ozone Validation Ozonesonde data from 2005- 2007, available at AURA AVDC Coincidence Criteria: < 2 o longitudes & Latitudes, < 10 hours High bias of 3-10 ppbv in the troposphere with the C-curve test applied.

15. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Recommendations when using TES ozone data C-curve ozone profiles in TES data occur in ~5% of the V03 ozone retrievals C-curve profiles tend to be a problem in the following cases: –Tropical observations –Locations very close to land/sea boundaries –Mountainous terrain –Desert terrain In these observing locations, the data user should use both the ozone master quality flag and test for C-curve cases The V03 TES ozone master quality flag does not include a condition for C- curve cases. –No C-curve flag in the V03 data product –Pseudo-code for a C-Curve flag is available in the TES L2 Data User’s Guide The V04 TES ozone master quality flag also does not include a condition for C-curve cases –There is a C-curve flag included in the data product based on the pseudo-code described in the Data User’s Guide.

16. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Recommendations when using TES ozone data V02 data is a thoroughly validated version of the TES nadir ozone product V03 data is largely consistent with V02 (as suggested by lidar and total column comparisons) –Some spatial differences (observed in monthly maps). –Differences in the occurrence of high surface/very low mid troposphere ozone cases (referred to as “C-curve” cases) observed in comparisons to ozonesondes V04 data validation is currently ongoing, early results suggest: –Preliminary! –Higher number of good ozone profiles compared to V03 –A decrease of more than 50% in C-curve cases compared to V03 What’s next for TES ozone validation: –There will be a full sonde validation analysis for V04 –Analysis of stare observations with co-located sondes from ARC-IONS, Dec/Jan 2009 Stare Observations (Chris’s talk and analysis) –Repeat of Nassar et al. analysis (Chris?) –Limb ozone validation analysis

17. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES Stare Observations for Sonde Comparisons LocationDates Egbert4/2/08, 4/16/06, 4/18/08, 7/5/08, 7/7/08 Bratt’s Lake4/2/08, 4/18/08, 7/9/08 Barrow4/10/08, 4/12/08, 4/14/08, 4/26/08, 4/28/08, 4/30/08 Yellowknife7/5/08, 7/7/08 Boulder12/10/08, 12/12/08/, 12/26/08, 12/28/08, 1/11/09, 1/13/09 Beltsville12/12/08, 12/14/08, 12/28/08, 1/13/09 Ascension Island12/14/08, 12/16/08, 12/30/08 Trinidad Head12/14/08, 12/16/08, 1/1/09 Wallops Island12/16/08, 12/30/08, 1/1/09 Natal12/18/08, 1/3/09 Future: Transects over Houston for Gary Morris TCEQ sondes?

18. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Vertically resolved record of CO M Luo, JPL

19. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Vertically resolved record of O3 M Luo, JPL

20. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Current TES Studies & Applications

21. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Elevated CO and O3 over SE Texas observed from TES on Aug 23, 2006 Lower tropospheric ozone traces back to boundary layer production in the SE/ Atlantic Coast region (RAQMS – Lagrangian Back Trajectories) Middle tropospheric ozone circulated over Texas/Louisiana Air quality at the surface in SE Texas was good/moderate (below EPA O3 standard)

22. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Elevated CO and O3 over SE Texas observed from TES on Aug 23, 2006 Lower tropospheric ozone traces back to boundary layer production in the SE/ Atlantic Coast region (RAQMS – Lagrangian Back Trajectories) Middle tropospheric ozone circulated over Texas/Louisiana Air quality at the surface in SE Texas was good/moderate (below EPA O3 standard)

23. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Preliminary Results - Galveston Used GEOS-Chem Near Real Time results for time period July 24 – August 8, 2005 to provide boundary conditions in the troposphere for CAMx model Small improvement for July 29-30 and August 3-4 in Galveston for comparisons with surface monitors Learning the best way to implement the use of GEOS-Chem Expect improvement in model values of ozone above the boundary layer (not validated yet) Red: O3 from Surface Monitor (ppbv) Blue: CAMx Surface Ozone w/ GEOS-Chem BC Cyan: CAMx Surface Ozone w/ original BC

24. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Beginning evaluation of initial CAMx model results with TES data –Preliminary Result – CAMx model higher than TES in lower troposphere –Future Work: Statistics of model/TES comparisons of O3 and CO Future Work: –Comparison of MM5 temperature, humidity fields to AIRS and TES –Comparison of improved TCEQ treatment of sea surface temperature in MM5 with TES and AMSR-E Collaboration with TCEQ: Ozone in Free Troposphere

25. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Identified the types of measurements that will be useful to TCEQ Provided initial boundary conditions for July-August 2005 time period (GEOS-Chem) –New boundary conditions did lead to improvement in CAMx surface ozone as compared to ground stations along the Texas coast –Need to improve the downscaling procedure for creating boundary/initial conditions Provided help with Quikscat data for use in TCEQ modeling Direct use of data from A-Train instruments to benchmark model results used in making air quality policy decisions CAMx is used by many state/local air quality boards Work done with TCEQ can be modified to work with other air quality models (CMAQ) Status of Work with TCEQ

26. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Goal 1: Use of satellite data (TES and OMI, and ozone sondes) to augment EPA activities (surface monitors, health data and models) in trying to mitigate the health effects of ozone episodes along the US- Mexico Border Goal 2: Work with EPA to understand the strengths of Aura satellite data for understanding air pollution events EPA Region 9 Advanced Monitoring Initiative: US – Mexico Border Pollution Collaboration with EPA Region 9 Collaboration with EPA Region 9, JPL, UC-Berkeley, NASA Ames RC, Arizona State University Preliminary Result: Improvements in modeling of free troposphere over SW United States by air quality models (CMAQ) using TES data as model boundary conditions Result: A project report is being finalized, work has been distributed widely within EPA CMAQ=Community Multi-scale Air Quality Modeling System CMAQ Using TES Boundary Conditions CMAQ Prior to use of TES Note change in scale

27. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Aura Contribution: Using OMI/MLS products to map tropospheric ozone along with the ability of TES to provide vertical information on ozone and carbon monoxide in the troposphere to help the EPA to understand air pollution events TES Contribution: TES provided special observations across the US/Mexico border near San Diego and El Paso Future Work: The work in this project is an example of how NASA satellite data might be used with EPA tools and health data for studying air pollution events and their health impacts Collaboration with EPA Region 9 TES special observation near San Diego on June 7, 2007 showing enhanced levels of ozone in the lower troposphere on the US side of the border (San Diego) EPA surface monitors measured low surface ozone in areas near TES measurements CA/Mexico Border

28. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer A Google Earth image of a TES “curtain” of ozone from June 9, 2007. In this case the greenish colors are high tropospheric ozone on both sides of the border. June 7, 2007 – TES Transect over US/Mexico Border

29. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer June 9, 2007 – TES Transect over US/Mexico Border

30. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Back Trajectory from San Diego

31. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer October 26, 2006 – California Wildfire Examination of the effect of the Esperanza Fire on tropospheric ozone using TES and other satellite instruments TES measures the vertical profiles of ozone and carbon monoxide down wind of the plume (Very large plume of CO) Also use OMI, MLS, AIRS and surface monitor data to understand the evolution of ozone in the plume and possible air quality implications G Osterman et al., 2008 (in prep)

32. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Northern California Fires June 23, 2008 Featured on NASA Fire & Smoke page: http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/fires/main/index.html

33. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer A Satellite Based Method for Estimating Ozone in the Upper Troposphere Jennie L. Moody and Steven R. Felker

34. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer This set of plots shows individual TES overpass layer-average UT ozone VMR (color shaded in ppbv) plotted over fields of GLASH BV (grey shading) and GFS IPV (pink shading) for three different times (May 13th at 12 UTC, May 14th at 00 UTC, and May 15th at 12 UTC). Note the strong negative correlation between TES UT ozone and GLASH BV and the strong positive correlation between TES UT ozone and GFS IPV.

35. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (ppbv) Empirical Ozone Product: MUTOP (Multi-sensor Upper Tropospheric Ozone Product) We demonstrate that the upper tropospheric ozone observed by TES is strongly correlated with both low water vapor signatures in GOES and high PV values from the GFS dynamical model. Therefore, we can use this empirical relationship to extrapolate the TES information to the entire GOES domain, and produce an effective multi- sensor ozone product.

36. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer The MUTOP Ozone product every 6 hours from April 24, 12UTC through April 25, 12 UTC compared with the TES derived L3 Daily Average Ozone (bottom right panel) MUTOP effectively shows the formation and movement of streamers

37. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer MUTOP versus IONS Ozonesond e results for 6 sonde locations during INTEX/B

38. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer TES is providing unprecedented vertically resolved chemical observations of the Earth’s lower atmosphere. 4 years of measurements, processed consistently, with validated products are available. Eager to collaborate on science (and validation) analyses For details and links to data go to: http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov Conclusions Copyright 2008 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.

39. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer Conclusions TES is providing unprecedented vertically resolved chemical observations of the Earth’s lower atmosphere. 4 years of measurements, processed consistently, with validated products are available. For details and links to data go to: http://tes.jpl.nasa.gov Email: Gregory.Osterman@jpl.nasa.gov Thank You! Copyright 2008 California Institute of Technology. Government sponsorship acknowledged.