1. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Observing System Simulation Experiments (OSSE) in support of GEO-CAPE science and measurement requirements definition Kevin W. Bowman 1,2, Paul Hamer 1, Stanley Sander 1,2, Annmarie Eldering 1,2, Reinhard Beer 1 1 Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology 2 Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering University of California, Los Angeles

2. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California The EOS era The Earth Observing System (EOS) for which the A-train is the flagship constellation, has provided unprecedented knowledge of atmospheric composition 2 What’s next? The A-train will no longer exist in its present form within 5-10 years.

3. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California NRC Decadal Survey National Research Council (NRC) has presented a road map for the next generation of Earth remote sensing instruments for NASA

4. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California GEO-CAPE GEO-CAPE is a geostationary sounder over North America. It’s scientific objectives are: 1)improving air quality forecasts through chemical data assimilation; 2)monitoring pollutant emissions and accidental releases, and 3)understanding pollution transport on regional to intercontinental scales. What kind of instrumentation can build on the A-train experience and satisfy these science requirements?

5. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Panspectral Fourier Transform Spectrometer (PanFTS) PanFTS will combine the Functionality of several Instruments e.g. TES, GOSAT, Sciamachy Wide spectral coverage (0.27 – 15  m) permits simultaneous observations By reflected sunlight and Thermal emission (day/night) Pollutants O3, CO, NO2, HCHO, NH3 Greenhouse Gases CO2, CH4, N2O, O3, H2O Tracers HDO, N2O, O2, O4 Ocean Color 250 m pixel size: visible channel From NASA IIP Panspectral FTS, Stanley Sander, PI

6. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California 6 900 km x 900 km ground swath patch 128x128 FPA Spectra in pixel PanFTS Observing Scenario Geostationary orbit near 80 W longitude Sequential imaging of 49 patches 900 km x 900 km IFOV using 128x128 pixel array (7 km resolution)

7. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Impact of UV-Vis-IR on assimilated ozone Ozone pseudo-observations of a virtual GEO-CAPE instrument are assimilated into a model. The top panel panel uses a virtual instrument that measures infrared (IR) radiances to infer ozone concentrations. The bottom panel uses a virtual instrument that measures both infrared along with ultraviolet and visible radiation (UV-Vis-IR). The UV-Vis-IR changes the ozone prediction by up to a factor of 2 compared to the IR-only case. A pan-spectral UV-Vis-IR Fourier Transform Spectrometer is currently support for GEO- CAPE by a NASA IIP- Stan Sander PI Does combining UV-Vis-IR radiance measurements improve air quality predictions over IR-only?

8. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Sensitivity Analysis: August 1st, 2006, sensitivity of NY ozone at 2:30 pm to its precursors target region region of maximum sensitivity of boundary layer ozone in New York to free tropospheric NOx The sensitivity of ozone in NY to free tropospheric NOx on 7/29/06 over Nebraska roughly half of the sensitivity to local NOx on 08/01/06

9. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California How sensitive is ozone to local NO x ? Boundary layer ozone is sensitive to local NOx up to 3 days before Strong diurnal variation Highest sensitivity to morning NOx

10. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California The maximum sensitivity of ozone in NY to free tropospheric ozone is roughly.2 two days before. Does knowing free tropospheric ozone improve boundary layer ozone prediction?

11. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Does knowing ozone today improve ozone predictability for the following day? The sensitivity of ozone to ozone on 07/31/08 is about half of ozone on 08/01/08

12. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California BACKUP 12

13. National Aeronautics and Space Administration Jet Propulsion Laboratory California Institute of Technology Pasadena, California Air quality predictions with satellites in GEO vs LEO OSSE configuration: A “nature” model ozone fields are sampled with both a low-orbit and geo-stationary orbit virtual platforms to create pseudo- observations. These pseudo-observations are assimilated into a “standard” model to pull its ozone fields to the nature model. Surface ozone from assimilation of IR satellite in LEO is shown in top panel Surface ozone from assimilation of IR satellite in GEO is shown in bottom panel Air quality predictions with satellites in GEO have clear advantages over satellites in LEO