1. Tools to support NAMA development The new WRI GHG Protocol Mitigation Accounting Standards Africa Regional Workshop on Nationally Appropriate Mitigation Actions 17-19 August 2015, Rwanda, Kigali Marion Vieweg-Mersmann, Programme Officer, International Consultation and Analysis Support Unit, Non-Annex I Support Sub-programme, Mitigation, Data and Analysis Programme

2. Types of mitigation actions There are three types of mitigation actions emerging: Goals: Actions that are framed as commitments. They are formulated as economy-wide, sectoral, or technology-related targets. Policies: Actions that aim to impact emissions through relevant national policies. This includes broad strategies as well as the full range of policy instruments, such as regulations, taxes and incentive schemes. Projects: Activities that are targeted at a specific investment or that are limited in scope, scale and duration. This includes the installation of renewable power capacity, infrastructure investments as well as pilot projects and capacity building initiatives.  The type of mitigation action will influence the type of information and level of detail provided, especially regarding the steps taken to achieve the action.

3. Relationship between different types of mitigation actions LEVEL OF DETAIL LEVEL OF IMPLEMENTATION Goals Strategies Policies & Actions Projects & Activities ABILITY TO INFLUENCE LARGE-SCALE EFFECTS HIGH LOW HIGH LOW ASPIRATIONAL CONCRETE Incentivise Guide Concretise

4. GHG Protocol Standards Project protocol Mainly relevant for INDC process Relevant for NAMAs Mitigation goal standard NEW Policy & action standard NEW LEVEL OF DETAIL LEVEL OF IMPLEMENTATION Goals Strategies Policies & Actions Projects & Activities ABILITY TO INFLUENCE LARGE-SCALE EFFECTS HIGH LOWHIGH LOW ASPIRATIONAL CONCRETE Incentivise Guide Concretise

5. Pilot countries Mitigation goal pilots Policy and action pilots US Mexico Costa Rica Colombia Chile South Africa Indonesia Japan South Korea China India Bangladesh Ethiopia Tunisia UK Belgium Germany Israel

6. Purpose of the policy and action standard

7. The policy and action standard - Overview 1.Introduction 2.Objectives 3.Overview 4.Accounting and Reporting Principles 5.Defining the Policy or Action 6.Identifying Effects and Mapping the Causal Chain 7.Defining the GHG Assessment Boundary 8.Estimating Baseline Emissions 9.Estimating GHG Effects Ex-Ante 10.Monitoring Performance over Time 11.Estimating GHG Effects Ex-Post 12.Assessing Uncertainty 13.Verification 14.Reporting Define objectives and define the policy or action Identify effects Quantify effects Verify (optional) and report results

8. Terminology Ex-ante analysis: The process of estimating expected future GHG effects of mitigation action Ex-post analysis: The process of estimating historical GHG effects of a mitigation action

9. Chapter 6: Identification of effects Different types of effects can be described, based on the point of view taken: a)By geopolitical boundary: in-jurisdiction/out-of-jurisdiction b)By time frame: short- and long term c)By objectives: intended and unintended d)By probability: likely, possible, and unlikely e)By sign of expected GHG effect: GHG increasing / decreasing Individual effects usually fall into more than one of these categories

10. Chapter 6: The causal chain concept A causal chain is a conceptual diagram tracing the process by which the policy or action leads to GHG effects through a series of interlinked logical and sequential stages of cause-and-effect relationships. Mapping the causal chain can help identify additional effects not previously identified. It helps to structure and understand cause-effect relationships. Developing and reporting the causal chain is required to be in conformance with the standard.

11. Subsidy for home insulation Consumers purchase and install insulation Businesses produce more insulation Reduced energy use in homes Increased emissions from insulation mfg Reduced demand for electricity Reduced emissions from electricity generation Reduced emissions from home natural gas use Increase in disposable income due to savings Increased demand for goods & services Increased production of goods & services Increased emissions Policy or action Key: Intermediate effect GHG effect Example for a causal chain: Home insulation subsidy

12. Chapter 6: Determine significance of effects Based on the assessment of likelihood and magnitude the significance of effects can be determined, following the guidance shown in the table below Magnitude Likelihood MinorModerateMajor Very likely May be excluded Should be included Likely Possible Unlikely Very unlikelyMay be excluded

13. Chapter 10: Examples of parameters to be monitored Examples of policiesSelected examples of parameters to be monitored Energy efficiency program in the commercial buildings sector  Electricity use (annual, direct metering)  Emission factor from grid electricity  Gross floor area of building units Solar power incentives  Solar panels produced each year  Capacity of solar power installed  Electricity generated from solar power Electric vehicle subsidy  Number of electric vehicles (quarterly)  Passenger figures (monthly)  Vehicle-kilometers traveled (monthly) Emissions trading system  Facility-level monitoring of emissions data from covered facilities Information campaign to encourage energy savings in the residential sector  Surveys of a representative sample of households to collect data such as: awareness of the campaign, actions taken as a result of the campaign, household size, household income, and household energy use over time

14. Chapter 14: Reporting Report the results of the assessment according to a standardized set of reporting requirements Five parts to the reporting requirements/template: 1.GHG assessment information 2.Description of the policy or action 3.Estimated change in GHG emissions and removals 4.Methodology 5.Optional reporting information

15. GHG Protocol Standards and BUR reporting Standards provide useful procedures for estimating impact of mitigation actions (ex-ante and ex-post) which can be used for:  Internal decision making at the policy level  Reporting on successes to national stakeholders  Input to funding proposals for support (e.g. NAMA proposals)  Reporting to donors  Reporting under the UNFCCC Standards provide useful guidance on reporting of methodologies and assumptions Individual elements can be used as appropriate

16. Further information The Policy and Action Standard is available in English, French and Spanish Additional matieral available includes:  Sample reporting template  List of tools and methods  Pilot testing summary All material is available at: http://www.ghgprotocol.org/policy-and-action-standard Online training is currently in preparation and scheduled to be finalized later this year

17. Thank you 17