1. 1 Meteorological National Institute The Climatological Data Bank of MNI Tunisia Presented by : Mr Brahim BCHIR

2. 2 The Climatological Data Bank 1. IntroductionIntroduction 2. The organisation of climatological data 2.1. Meteorological observations 2.2. Climatological data storage 3. The means used 3.1. Computing equipement 3.2. Software and tools 4. The collection and data validation 4.1. Collection and digitization 4.2. Data validation 5. The data processing 5.1 Calculation and loading data 5.2 Statistical treatement 5.3 Extraction and data backup 6. The use of the CDB and climate products

3. 3 Introduction Climatology at MNI is responsible for : - Collect recent meteorological observations - Use the archives of time spent to prepare and provide climatological information - Develop climate studies Weather elements : wind, rain, temperature, atmospheric pressure, humidity, solar radiation and evaporation are used to define the climate of the country.

4. 4 Introduction The main activities in the field are : - Data collection of recent weather observations - Quality control of climate data - Establishment of perennial climatological archives - Provision of internal and external users at the MNI with different raw and developed climate data - Development of statistical elements to describe the climate at local and regional scales

5. 5 The Organization of Climatological Data National Synoptic Stations Network

6. 6 The Organization of Climatological Data MNI collect, store and backup climatological data in a variety of formats information. 2.1. Meteorological observations are recorded on technical documents : CRQ 26 Main Stations 40 Hourly Parameters 64 Daily ParametersTCM 75 Sub-Stations 8 Parameters 3 times per day 16 Daily Parameters

7. 7 The Organization of Climatological Data 2.2. The storage of climate data -Reception, digitization and classification of technical documents -Raw and developed data are managed through an Oracle RDBMS with continous improvement actions -Hourly and Daily observations of weather stations, most since 1950, represent a total volume of about 30 GB is growing every day

8. 8 The Organization of Climatological Data Metadata : Metadata : - Catalog – meteorological parameters - Dictionary – monitoring stations - Location and changing sites - Station type and measurements

9. 9 The Organization of Climatological Data Metadata : Metadata :

10. 10 The Organization of Climatological Data : Raw data : - 26 Synoptic Stations most since 1950 : 1050 year Station

11. 11 The Organization of Climatological Data Raw data: Raw data: - 75 Sub-Stations most since 1950 : 3000 Year Station

12. 12 The Organization of Climatological Data The data prepared: Maturing calculated parameters : - Daily - 10 days - 10 days - Monthly - Normal (1961-1990) - Records

13. 13 The Organization of Climatological Data Monthly Prepared data

14. 14 The Organization of Climatological Data BDCLIM SYNTEMP Hourly data HOBS PLUIE PHENO TSOL TCMS QP Daily data GOUVER DELEG PARAM RESEAU STATION Metadata 10 days data DECAD CLIMAT Monthly data MOBS NormalRecords NORMALES

15. 15 TABLE Data Type NB. LIGNES HOBS Hourly data / main stations 6 260 327 QP Daily data / main stations 417 440 SYNTEMP Recent hourly data 1 671 410 CRQTEMP Recent daily data 82 230 TCMS Daily data / substations 733 500 TSOL Ground temperature 269 092 PLUIE rainfall 46 163 PHENO Meteorological phenomena 28 733 MOBS Monthly data / main stations 13 896 MTCMS Monthly data / substations 24 562 The Organization of Climatological Data

16. 16 The means used for the management of BDCLIM 3.1. The computer equipement - Data Server SUN ENTERPRISE 450, Architecture 64 Bits - 2 Processors SUN ULTRA SPARC II à 300 Mhz - Memory 512 MB upgradeable to 4 GB - Disks SCSI de 72.8 GB - Internal Backup Device DSS4 on cartridge 4 mm 24 GB - Workstations : Micro-ordinateurs Pentium IV à 3 Ghz - LAN 3.2. Software and computer applications - Operating system Unix SUN SOLARIS 9 - Compilers : C, C++, Fortran 77, Fortran 90, Micro Focus Cobol 4.1 - RDBMS : Oracle 9i for 32 concurrent users and tools : * Design : Oracle Designer 2000 * Development : Oracle Developer 2000 * Administration : Entreprise Manager 2000 * Programming interface: Pro*C, Pro*Fortran, Pro*Cobol

17. 17 Software and tools PLSQL PL/SQL SQLLOADEREXPIMP DEVELOPER REPORT FORMSSQLPLUSPRO C, Fortran Cobol BDCLIM Utilities Generators applications applications

18. 18 Climatological data acquisition 26 Synoptic Stations Synop messages & Monthly files Daily interrogation 25 Agrometeorological stations 50 Climatological stations 6 Subdivisions BDCLIM  Digitization  Verification  Shape control  Chronological control  Quality control  Correction & validation  Quality control  Correction & Validation  Quality Control  Correction & Validation Records Technical papers Documents FTP SYNOP Loading data into the CDB Observations & Transcripts ASCII files - Information - Publications Internal use Messages ASCII files

19. 19 Collection and data validation 4.1. Collection and digitization - External digitization of documents from 1950 to 1979 - Workshop input operational since 1983 - Data collection of automatic stations since 2002 - Daily interrogation agrometeorological stations since 2003

20. 20 Collection and data validation 4.2. Data validation Different types of control - Monitoring and chronological control - Plausibility check and internal consistency - Space control - Control of conformity and homogeneity

21. 21 Collection and data validation Quality monitoring and recovery missing data * Statistics on errors by station and by period * Statistics on errors by station and by period * Developed parameters (monthly average and records … ) * Developed parameters (monthly average and records … ) * Replenishment of erroneous or missing data * Replenishment of erroneous or missing data

22. 22 Treatment and data storage 5.1 The calculation and loading data - Daily loading SYNOP messages of 26 main stations - Daily loading data from 25 Agrometeorological stations - Monthly loading files of 50 substations - Daily and monthly treatment of various parameters - Update on the table of records

23. 23 5.2 Statistical treatment Parameters developed:Parameters developed: data from the statistics on the long runs data from the statistics on the long runs - 10 days, monthly, yearly and thirtysomethings statistics - Quantiles and monthly records, … - Frequencies and wind roses Homogeneity of climatological series:Homogeneity of climatological series: - Trend series - Search for possible causes of heterogeneity - Moving station - Change of environment - Change of environment - Change instruments, … Treatment and data storage

24. 24 5.3 The extraction and data backup Treatement and data storage

25. 25 Treatement and data storage Automatic messages CLIMAT for dissemination climate data at the international level

26. 26 The use of CDB and climate products 6.1 Data visualization and reporting - Editing real-time information from the CDB

27. 27 The use of CDB and climate products

28. 28 The use of CDB and climate products

29. 29 The use of CDB and climate products - Timely provision of standard climatological information

30. 30 The use of CDB and climate products 6.2 Graphics

31. 31 6.3 Statistical studies of climate The climate clues The climate clues Simples : - Average annual rainfall - Frequency of maximum temperatures > 9 th decile - Frequency of minimum temperatures < 1 st decile Worked out : - C ombining several meteorological elements to characterize the climate of each region and its evolution The use of CDB and climate products

32. 32 The use of CDB and climate products Average minimum temperature Average maximum temperature Average temperatures

33. 33 Meteorological National Institut Normal annual rainfall in Tunisia NORMAL (mm)

34. 34 2006 Meteorological National Institut Annual totals and Reports to Normal of rainfall in Tunisia Reports to Normal

35. 35 The climate clues The climate clues Distribution of annual rainfall (totals compared with the normal)

36. 36 The use of CDB and climate products Special studies Combine climatological data with physical and socio-economic data to meet the needs of planners and policy makers in various fields of activities - Agriculture - Energy - Health - Tourism - Transportation

37. 37 Action to be taken - Rescue and digitization of climate records which don ’ t yet exist in the CDB

38. 38 Conclusion - Improve the delivery of meteorological observations - Develop controls for improved data quality - Facilitate the access of users according to their needs - Organize the work of climatology as a production system for quality service at the earliest opportunity