1. ITGS Software
Based on the textbook “Information Technology in a Global Society for the IB Diploma” by Stuart Gray

2. Software
Programs that are the sets of instructions which hardware follows in order to perform tasks.
Processes input data and transforms it to useful output.

3. Operating Systems (OS)
Manages and controls all of the computer’s hardware
Operating Systems – 4 Tasks
Memory Management – runs multiple software at once
Security Management - Authentication
Provides User Interface – GUI or CLI (Command Line Interface)
Communicates with hardware

4. Common Operating Systems
Microsoft Windows – new version 8 – Internet Explorer
MacOS 10 – only runs Apple hardware
Unix – developed in the 1970’s
Linux – Fedora and Ubuntu
Symbian OS – mobile phones
Android – developed by Google; phone
Page 45 in book – check out pie charts – desktop vs. supercomputer

5. Selecting and Installing an OS
Most are pre-installed by manufacturer
Check hardware and software capability
Check hardware requirements
Obtain OS media and licenses
Back up existing data
Partition and format hard disk
Run installation program and configure OS

6. Selecting and Installing an OS Continued
7. Activate or register OS 8. Update the OS 9. Install any required application software 10. Restore any data from back up copies WHY IS FILE BACK-UP IMPORTANT????????

7. Utility Software Basic software included with OS
Performs common “housekeeping” tasks to help maintain and manage computer
Disk Defragmentation
Backup Programs
Encryption
System monitoring
Disk clean up
Accessibility Options
Anti-virus software
System Updates
Compression software

8. Disk Fragmentation
A file is stored in several sectors (hard disk area) which are scattered across different parts of the disk
Most OS include a defragmentation utility = program that rearranges file allocations so they are stored together
This is why your computer SLOWS DOWN with age!!!!!

9. Backups Full backup – complete backup of all data on a computer system
Incremental backup – backs up only files that have changed since last backup; quicker

10. Application Software Allows user to perform tasks to solve problems
Also called productivity software
Word Processing (mail merge)
Desktop Publishing software (DTP); page layout software
Presentation software
Spreadsheet software
Database software – Relationship Database Management Systems (RDBMS) – millions of items of data
Web browsers
Web Development software
Graphics software – Vector, 3D, CAD
Audio software
Video editing software
Multimedia software – Adobe Flash
Accounting software, note-taking software

11. Applications Suites Software that is sold together
Microsoft Office – includes Word, Powerpoint, Excel, Publisher and Access
Price is lower buying together than separate
Integrate together well

12. Software Licenses Computer software is a form of intellectual property
Covered by copyright laws
Commercial software – Microsoft, Apple – sold for profit – offers technical support and training
Shareware – Distributed for no cost and is free for a limited period of time – user buys it or deletes it
Freeware – can be distributed for no cost but the software’s copyright is maintained by the author

13. Software Licenses Cont.
Public Domain – Software that the creator has relinquished all rights (remember the WWW?)
Free and Open Source Software – know as FOSS or software libre – users have the freedom to use the software as they please; users encouraged to distribute and make changes
Examples – Linux OS – LibreOffice suite; Firefox web browser and MySQL database program

14. Commercial Licenses
Users of commercial software need an appropriate license to use it in order to comply with copyright laws.
End User License Agreement (EULA) – terms and conditions of the software that usually forbid certain practices such as modifying software.
You approve this when you install the software = check “I Agree”

15. Commercial Licenses Cont.
Single User License – only 1 user to use the software; may allow installation on several computers (laptop, desktop) BUT only 1 copy should be used at a time.
Multi-User or Concurrent License – Allows a fixed number of users to install and use the software. This number is specified when the license is purchased. We have this at JHS.
Site License – Allows software to be installed on as many computers as desired and used by many users provided they are part of the same organization or on the same site. These are expensive and used by large companies.

16. Copy Protection Piracy – illegal copying and distributing software.
Serial numbers – found in the software’s packaging and entered upon installation. Offers unique identifiers.
Product activation – software contacts servers and indentifiers information as serial number, user, location and machine specifications.

17. Copy Protection Cont.
Digital Rights Management (DRM) – stops any duplicates of CDs and DVDs to be made.
Business Software Alliance (BSA) and Federation Against Software Theft (FAST) – organizations that represent software companies and work to reduce illegal copying.

18. Cloud Computing
Computer applications are web-based and stored on a remote server on the Internet (“in the cloud”) instead of being stored on a local computer or network server.
Google Apps and Zoho Office Suite offer cloud computing services.

19. Cloud Computing Advantages Disadvantages Available from ANY location
No need to manage, maintain or upgrade software = automatic
Less need to maintain backup
Multiple users work simultaneously
Reliability – need fast and reliable connection
Security – Is it there?
Integrity – provider has back up capability?
Globalization and Cultural Diversity – Varying international laws

20. User Interfaces
Graphical User Interface (GUI) – uses visual buttons, icons and windows to represent different parts of the computer; usually controlled by a pointing device.
Command Line Interface (CLI) – user interacts with computer by typing commands.
Menu-Driven Interfaces (MDI) – lets the user make a selection from a series of pre-determined options. (Used in ATMs and restaurants)

21. Software Help Read Me files
FAQs (Frequently Asked Questions) and tutorials
Wizards
Third party documentation – books or internet help

22. Software Activity #1
Every computer system has bugs – it is impossible to build a computer system that is 100% reliable. This means we need to build computer systems that are “safe enough.” How could we determine an acceptable failure rate? What would be an acceptable rate for software controlling an aircraft or a medical device? Explain your answer. (4 marks)

23. Software Activity #2
Research three famous computer failures. Describe the events, including the cost (in money or materials or intangibles) of the failure. Try to determine whether the failures were caused by errors with hardware, software, people or data. (12 marks)
Be sure to cite your sources!

24. Software Activity #3
Choose one scenario and produce a short persuasive presentation justifying either switching to FOSS or continuing to use commercial software. Your argument should take into account the specifics of the scenarios. (10 marks)
You will need to research BOTH types of software – a good persuasive argument is balanced and covers ALL angles. You should refer to specific examples of software and apply them to the scenarios.

25. Software Activity #3 Scenarios
#1 A large business has office all over the county in many towns and cities. Each location has between 10 and 100 computers on their own network, with a server. Each office is connected to the main office in the capital city. The company has a 4 year hardware life-cycle. They run Microsoft Windows, Office, and Exchange. They have an upgrade agreement so they get big discounts on the latest Microsoft versions.

26. Software Activity #3 Scenarios
#2 A medium sized photographic and printing business has 50 desktop computers and 2 servers. The computers are 5 years old. They mostly run Windows XP, with some still using Windows The desktops all use commercial software such as Photoshop, Internet Explorer and Outlook. Staff frequently exchanges s and files with clients who mostly use Windows.

27. Software Activity #3 Scenarios
#3 A large secondary school with 800 students has 2 computer labs with 50 Windows PCs in total and 1 learning resource center with 20 Apple Macs. The school also has laptop carts with Windows netbooks that can be moved from classroom to classroom. A significant number of students also bring their own laptops to school. The school wants to increase the number of laptops available in the carts, increase the use of e-learning by teachers and decrease the total cost of operations – but they are unsure of the direction to take their IT strategy.