1. THIS IS REALLY IMPORTANT STUFF

2. YOU MUST LOOK AT THE MARKS ALLOCATED – is it a quick answer (1 mark) or does it need developing to a certain degree? IF YOU ONLY WRITE ON HALF THE LINES its probably not enough

3. Experimental design = Matched Pairs, Independent groups, repeated measures Independent groups Therefore follows through to 1b)

4. 1 mark for brief/muddled e.g. “individual differences“ or “needs more pts” 2 marks e.g. There may be differences between the groups as there are different pts in each condition. E.g pts in one group may have a better memory ability, affecting the results

5. The graph shows that the cognitive interview is effective. There were more correct statements made after the cognitive interview than after the traditional interview. 1 mark for brief statement e.g. it’s effective 2 marks for some elaboration with reference to correct/incorrect statements

6. 1 mark for brief or muddled “the researcher’s influence” Maximum 2 marks for an accurate understanding of the term but no reference to this experiment Can gain 4 marks if show full understanding without giving a definition Occur when the researcher’s behaviour or characteristics influence the research in some way. This includes the way the presence of the researcher may influence the pts. E.g. the psychologist may expect the cognitive interview to be most effective. This may unconsciously be communicated to the pt through mannerisms e.g. smiling/frowning. This would therefore affect the accuracy of the findings. You must make it clear that the researcher is UNAWARE of it happening e.g. they wouldn’t ask leading questions on purpose! – especially a psychologist who specialises in memory research!!

7. The IV is a naturally occurring variable Ie not manipulated Whether children attend nursery or a childminder’s is not manipulated by the researcher “Answers referring only to research carried out in a real life situation should not receive credit”

8. Name the METHOD i.e. observation, questionnaire, interview 2 nd mark give detail as to how they would measure it Observation would use… Data collection grid/tally chart/ count up the number of aggression behaviours seen Ask questions assessing how aggressive children are e.g. amount of times they hit, push, kick etc Getting people to rate from 1 – 10 is not very clear

9. Identify the relevant issue – 1 mark Elaborate – explain how it is an issue/what should be done/why 2 nd mark Must be relevant – unlikely that psychological harm will occur. WHY? As nothing is being manipulated! Informed consent – unable to make informed choice as under age 16 Confidentiality – parents may not want children to be identified so therefore should not use names/give pseudonyms

10. Mean Total sensitivity score divided by number of caregivers ii) explain one strength and one weakness of the measure of central tendency 2 steps to your answer are needed! It is a sensitive measure of data This is because it makes use of all the values (therefore representative) It is not useful if there are extreme values This is because it uses all the data therefore these will make it misrepresentative Don’t say this will may it unreliable - you mean not representative

11. Standard deviation is a measure of... Dispersion The standard deviations tell us about variation in the data from the two groups (1) It shows that the group receiving sensitivity training have more variation in their scores, compared to the group with no training (2 nd ) Higher S.D. Suggests more variation in individual scores of sensitivity in this group One point developed or two separate points can gain 2 marks. IT DOES NOT SHOW that the sensitivity training is effective – the MEAN shows this IT DOES NOT SHOW a correlation? - it’s an experiment with two conditions! A correlation is where you see if there is a link between two co-variables NOT IV and DV e.g. age and IQ would be two co-variables

12. Terms Definitions Lab experiment A general statement about the purpose of the investigation “To see” “To investigate..” PrivacyMay be an issue when asking personal questions, carrying out observations when pts not aware/wouldn’t expect to be observed hypothesisAn experiment in a highly controlled environment, where the researcher manipulates the IV Field experiment A precise testable statement that predicts the outcome of a study AimWhat the findings of a study show about the topic being studied e.g. Shows that rehearsal improves memory ConfidentialityA measure of dispersion, which shows how spread out the results are, higher score, larger spread of individual results Standard deviation Right to expect details to not be published unless not identifiable as theirs ConclusionsAn experiment in the natural setting of the pts, where the researcher manipulates the IV

13. Terms Definitions Lab experiment A general statement about the purpose of the investigation “To see” “To investigate..” PrivacyMay be an issue when asking personal questions, carrying out observations when pts not aware/wouldn’t expect to be observed hypothesisAn experiment in a highly controlled environment, where the researcher manipulates the IV Field experiment A precise testable statement that predicts the outcome of a study AimWhat the findings of a study show about the topic being studied e.g. Shows that rehearsal improves memory ConfidentialityA measure of dispersion, which shows how spread out the results are, higher score, larger spread of individual results Standard deviation Right to expect details to not be published unless not identifiable as theirs ConclusionsAn experiment in the natural setting of the pts, where the researcher manipulates the IV