1. Implementing the EPOSTL (European Portfolio for Student Teachers of Languages) in Pre-service Teacher Education Barbara Mehlmauer-Larcher barbara.mehlmauer-larcher@univie.ac.at English Department, University of Vienna/Austria B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

3. EPOSTL: ( European Portfolio for Student Teachers of Languages) Developed for the European Centre for Modern Languages/Council of Europe by a team of teacher educators from 5 different countries (Austria, Armenia, Norway, Poland, UK, led by David Newby together with Rebecca Allan, Anne-Brit Fenner, Barry Jones, Hanna Komorowska & Kristine Soghikyan) Available in various European languages (English, German, French, Polish, etc) Overall aim : harmonising teacher education in Europe B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

4. The EPOSTL in the European context European Profile for Language Teacher Education > Reference tool f. teacher education programmes Common European Frame of Reference > Reference tool f. teaching, learning & assessment EPOSTL > Tool for Reflection & Self-assessment European Language Portfolio > Tool for Reflection & Self-assessment Language Teaching Language Learning B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

5. EPOSTL: 3 main sections 1) Personal statement section: help students to reflect on general questions of teaching 2) Self-assessment section: list of > „can-do“ descriptors, e.g. „ I can evaluate and select meaningful speaking and interactional activities to encourage learners to express their opinions, identity, culture etc.“ 3) Dossier: document progress, record examples of work etc. 3 further sections:  Introduction  Glossary of terms  Index & Users‘ Guide 24.06.200718. 09. 2008 B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

6. Organisation of the self-assesment section (source: EPOSTL, p. 6) B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

7. EPOSTL: Aims & Function [1] Target groups: primarily student teachers, teachers, but also teacher educators, curriculum designers, etc. EPOSTL: general aims: to support the concept of teacher & learner autonomy EPOSTL: a tool for reflection, dialogue & self-assessment B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

8. EPOSTL: Aims & Function [2] to assist in discussions between student teachers & teacher educators to encourage reflection on competences to be attained and on the required underlying knowledge to help students develop awareness of their strengths & weaknesses to provide support during school placement & to assist in discussions with mentors (> systematic feedback, reflection, self- assessment) (cf. Newby 2007) B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

9. EPOSTL: Aims & Function [3] EPOSTL: process and no „show case“ portfolio EPOSTL: belongs to the [student] teacher, and is no assessment or grading tool Underlying principles: CLT, learner autonomy & interdependence of language & culture Outcomes: increase transparency of education programmes encourage a reflective mode in teacher education aid comparison of teacher education programmes (cf. Newby 2007) B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

10. Implementation of the EPOSTL [1] in pre-service teacher education at the English Department, University of Vienna / Austria ELT Methodology Language Education Literary Studies Applied Linguistics [Teaching Practice] Overview of the TE Programme: B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

11. Implementation of the EPOSTL [2] Overview of the methodology programme 2 general introductory courses on ELT methodology/ EPOSTL 4 courses on ELT methodology/ EPOSTL pilot project: using the EPOSTL in the course accompanying the school placement phase B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

12. Pilot project: using the EPOSTL in the course accompanying the school placement phase (usually 4 parallel courses per semester) before the school placement phase: introduction of the EPOSTL, working with selected descriptors while/after school placement: working with selected & particularly relevant descriptors after the school placement phase: using the EPOSTL as basis/spring board for the final reflective talk with the course leader/teacher educator B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

13. Research Project: Potentials of the EPOSTL with regard to … Reflection Self-assessment Autonomy interviews questionnaire reflective talks data collection B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

14. Reflection: some definitions Dewey (1910): „…active, persistent, and careful consideration of any belief or supposed form of knowledge in the light of the grounds that support it, and the further conclusions to which it tends“ According to Dewey (1910) reflection is characterized as : „[…] disciplined, conscious, explicit […]“ Reframing (notion developed by Dewey): reflection enables the reframing of problems > leads to a change of perspectives and wider range of possible solutions (cf. Roberts 1999) B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

15. Reflection and professional growth [1] Reflection in the context of professionalism: „It [critical reflection]) is a response to past experience and involves conscious recall, and examination of the experience as a basis for evaluation and decision making, and as a source for planning and action.“ (Bartlett 1990) With regard to teaching and learning reflection is seen as: „…self inquiry, and critical thinking […]as central for continuing professional growth […] help[ing] teachers move beyond a level where they are guided largely by impulse, intuition, or routine“ (Boud, Keogh, and Walker 1985) B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

16. Reflection and professional growth [2] Types of reflection: a) retrospective, prospective, and innovative b) monological, dialogical (cf. Akbari 2007) Reflection as a pre-condition of professionalism for: > development of autonomy & self-assessment, > mediation between theory and practice (cf. Akbari 2007) B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

17. Reflection: preliminary results [1] Types of reflection: prospective /retrospective „ You can use the EPOSTL again and again, well, you can use it for planning…so if you want to hold a similar lesson again, for example, you can try to remember, right…, how was it when I first held this lesson ?“ monological/ dialogical „I think, at the beginning, you should discuss things together with colleagues, I am sure later on you can work on your own on it [descriptors of the EPOSTL] and make your own entries… when you have become used to it [EPOSTL], you can just use it yourself, that‘s no problem…but you can always use it as a springboard for discussions …“ B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

18. Reflection: preliminary results [2] EPOSTL as a tool for structured reflection: A) „… for my second subject we don‘t have anything like this [EPOSTL]... there, things are less structured... you just look and take notes...there is no structured reflection in such a way.“ B) „… well, it really is a kind of stimulus to think about various things and not just act in a kind of intuitive way, but have something to look at and be able to structure things. And then, in case something goes wrong you need not rely only on your intuition and react accordingly…“ C) „ Also this kind of self-assessment is sometimes really helpful. There are always situations when I think, well, I haven‘t really thought about that, or... you know…I had to think carefully, did I take everything into consideration,..ok... you know, it [EPOSTL] really made me think“. B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

19. Reflection: preliminary results [3] D) „… it [EPOSTL] takes, I think, this idea of reflection away from … we all sit in a circle and talk about what‘s just crossing our minds. It hasn’t got this kind of strange element of a therapeutic session where everybody is just talking about his or her emotions…because it actually forces you to think about, I don‘t know, for instance,… ‘challenging learners to their full potential‘ and not…‘how did I feel at the time‘.“ EPOSTL as a tool for self assessment & planning further professional development „Well I don‘t know, for instance, it‘s also this reflection on how good am I at [teaching] speaking or writing. Somehow listening seems to be some kind of a feared opponent of mine, for whatever reason, I haven‘t quite got the hang of this […] Maybe, when I am in a good mood, I might attend a course on teaching listening…because it is a reasonable thing to do, isn‘t it?... it [EPOSTL] has an impact, definitely!“ B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

20. Further comments by student teachers Challenges: A) „I found filling in the descriptors a bit difficult because it‘s hard to assess yourself. I mean nobody got a 100% obviously, but it‘s difficult to find out where you really are.“ B) „Particularly at the beginning I found it extremely difficult to assess competences with the help of can-do-descroptors. I still feel I haven‘t got enough practical experience to do so.“ Final positive comment: „Using the EPOSTL before, while and after teaching at school made me realise I was actually making some progress. I found this so motivating.“ B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

21. Summary and outlook EPOSTL:  challenges teacher students with regard to their self assessment capacity  helps chart progress  has a motivational force, helps initiate discussions  is a useful planning device for professional growth  supports a systematic approach to reflection and discussion at our department we will…  continue to use the EPOSTL in our classes accompanying the school placement and intensify using the EPOSTL in other methodology classes  continue data collection regarding the use of the EPOSTL (student teachers & teacher educators) B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna

22. for now enough of... „EPOSTLING“ ! B. Mehlmauer-Larcher/Univ. of Vienna