1. Chapter 3, Lesson 4

2.  Job: Carries messages to and from the brain, spinal cord, and all other parts of the body  Tells the body how to respond to its environment.  Divided into two parts:  Central Nervous System  Peripheral Nervous System

3.  Central Nervous System:  Made up of the brain and spinal cord. ▪ Brain: center for thinking ▪ Spinal cord: Thick band of nerve cells that runs through the backbone.  Peripheral Nervous System:  Made up of all the nerves that branch out from the spinal cord to the muscles, skin, internal organs, and glands. ▪ 12 Nerves branch out from the brain ▪ 31 branch out from the spinal cord

5. 1. The brain receives sensory messages, interprets them, and sends responses. 2. 12 pairs of Cranial Nerves connect directly to the brain. They control the senses and then muscles in the head and neck.

6. 3. The Spinal Cord is made up of highly organized nerve tissue. 4. Spinal nerves branch off from the spinal cord and connect the brain and the spinal cord with specific muscles and organs.

7. The Nervous System

8.  The brain is a mass of nervous tissue with three major parts.brain  Cerebrum: Controls the senses, thought, speech, and voluntary actions.  Cerebellum: Coordinates muscle activity.  Brain Stem: Connects the brain to the spinal cord. ▪ Medulla: Controls involuntary actions, like breathing.

10. 1. What part of the brain helps a gymnast maintain balance while doing a routine? 1. Which part of the brain are you using to answer this question? 2. Which part keeps you alive? What does it do?

11. 1. Cerebellum 2. Cerebrum; because it controls thinking and muscle movement 3. The medulla; it controls breathing and heart rate.

12.  Our brain can “play tricks on us.”  http://www.brainbashers.com/opticalillusions.asp http://www.brainbashers.com/opticalillusions.asp

13.  Left Brain Functions:  * Uses logic  * Detail oriented  * Facts rule*  Words and language*  Present and past*  Math and science*  Comprehension*  Knowing*  Acknowledges*  Order/pattern perception*  Knows object name*  Reality based*  Forms strategies*  Practical*  Safe  Right Brain Functions:  * Uses feeling  * “Big picture” oriented  * Imagination rules*  Symbols and images*  Present and future*  Philosophy and religion*  Gets the “meaning”*  Believes*  Appreciates*  Spatial perception*  Knows object function*  Fantasy based*  Presents possibilities*  Impetuous*  Risk taking

14.  Neurons are a single nerve cell.  Sensory neurons carry messages from sense organs to the spinal cord and brain.  Motor neurons carry messages from the brain and spinal cord and tell your muscles and glands what to do.

17.  Spinal Cord Injuries: http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/sciprevention.htm http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/sciprevention.htm  Damage to the head, neck, or body can injure the spinal cord.  Severe weakness, loss of sensation, or paralysis can result.  Head Injuries: http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/tbi.htm http://www.cdc.gov/ncipc/factsheets/tbi.htm  Violent blow to the head can permanently damage brain tissue, nerves, and blood vessels surrounding the brain.

18.  Cerebral Palsy:  Might be caused by: ▪ A head injury ▪ A defect or injury to the brain before or during childbirth ▪ Lead poisoning ▪ Unintentional injury  Effects range from mild weakness in the arms and legs to lack of muscle coordination, speech impairment, and paralysis

19.  Cerebral Palsy:  Picture from: http://www.thespasticcentre.org.au/about_cp/what_is_cp.htm

20.  Meningitis:  Infection of the membranes the cover the brain and spinal cord  Symptoms include fever, headache, and vomiting Picture from: http://www.hipusa.com/webmd/encyclopedia/http://www.hipusa.com/webmd/encyclopedia/ meningitis/index4.html

21.  Epilepsy:  Marked by seizures ▪ Seizures: short periods of uncontrollable muscle activity  May be caused by a small area of brain damage  http://www.epilepsy.com/node/3004?print=true http://www.epilepsy.com/node/3004?print=true  http://www.epilepsy.com/node/3006 http://www.epilepsy.com/node/3006

22. 1. Get plenty of sleep and rest. 2. Avoid alcohol and other drugs. 3. Use a seat belt when riding in a car. 4. Wear a helmet for sports. 5. Follow safety rules.