2. Digestive system

3. Stomach Pouch كيس like organ عضو located in the abdominal cavity تجويف البطن. Receives food from the esophagus and mixes it with gastric juices العصارة المعدية to form a semi fluid mass called chyme Gastric JuiceFunction pepsin digests most proteins hydrochloric acid provides acidic environment بيئة حمضية for the action of pepsin mucus protects inside of stomach wall

4. Stomach Regions Cardiac Regionالمنطقة الفؤادية -region closest to the heart Fundus -upper rounded portion الجزء العلوي المستدير Body -middle portion Pylorus المنطقة البوابية -narrowed bottom portion that empties into the small intestine. The pyloric sphincterالصمام البوابي controls the emptying of the stomach. Stomach Regions Pyloric region of stomach Rugae Fundus of stomach Pyloric sphincter Esophagus Body of Stomach Cardiac region of stomach

5. Small Intestine Consists of three parts: -duodenum الاثني عشر -jejunum -ileum اللفائفي Held in place by the mesentery which is a muscular membranous tissue that anchors both the small and large intestines to the abdominal wall First site of absorption and nutrients pass from the intestinal walls and into the bloodstream through the villi Ileum Appendix Cecum Duodenum Jejunum Stomach

6. Small intestine Functions –digestion digest carbohydrates –amylase from pancreas digest proteins –trypsin & chymotrypsin from pancreas digest lipids (fats) – الصفراءbile from liver & lipase from pancreas –absorption nutrients move into body cells by: –diffusion –active transport

7. Large Intestine Consists of four parts: -cecum -colon القولون -sigmoid colon -rectum المستقيم Undigested waste الغذاء الغير مهضوم may remain يبقي in the large intestine from 12 to 24 hours

8. Large Intestine Part 2 Large Intestine (cont’d) Colon consists of three parts: -ascending colon القولون الصاعد -transverse colon القولون المستعرض -descending colon القولون النازل Sigmoid colon is an s- shaped structure that connects to the rectum Rectum connects to the anal canal Rectum Anal canal Sigmoid colon Vermiform appendix Cecum Ascending colon Transverse colon Ileum Descending colon

9. Liver Located in the right quadrant of the abdominal cavity Divided into right and left lobes Converts food nutrients into usable substances Secretes a yellowish-brown to greenish substance called bile which is stored in the gall bladder المرارة Stores glucose in the form of glycogen Secretes bilirubin, a bile pigment صبغ that is combined يرتبط with bile and excreted يطرد into the duodenum Inferior vena cava Left lobe Right lobe الفص الابمن

10. Gallbladder Stores bile from the liver Three ducts connect the liver, gallbladder, and duodenum for the flow of bile Releases bile when it is needed for the emulsification (breakdown) of fat Pancreas Secretes a pancreatic juice العصارة البنكرياسية that includes various enzymes such as amylase and lipase

11. stomach  kills germs  break up food  digest proteins  store food mouth  break up food  digest starch  kill germs  moisten food small intestines  breakdown food - proteins - starch - fats  absorb nutrients pancreas  produces enzymes to digest proteins & carbs liver  produces bile - stored in gall bladder  break up fats large intestines absorb water appendix Summary