1. Ratification of the Constitution To ratify means to approve Article VII of the Constitution - 9 of 13 states must ratify the Constitution for it to be the new govt. This would not be easy! Federalists versus Antifederalists George Foreman - And you thought he only sold grills!

2. Federalists Supported the Constitution – felt Articles were too weak Well organized, plenty of $ Led by Washington and Franklin

3. Antifederalists Felt new Constitution gave too much power to the Federal Government Complained rights of citizens not protected Demanded a that the rights of citizens be added before they would ratify the Constitution Federalists agreed to add the Bill of Rights listing rights of citizens.

4. Bill of Rights First ten Amendments (additions) to the Constitution  Outlines rights of citizens

5. The Ratification by State DelawareDecember 7, 1787 PennsylvaniaDecember 12, 1787 New JerseyDecember 18, 1787 GeorgiaJanuary 2, 1788 ConnecticutJanuary 9, 1788 MassachusettsFebruary 6, 1788 MarylandApril 28, 1788 South CarolinaMay 23, 1788 New HampshireJune 21, 1788 VirginiaJune 25, 1788 New YorkJuly 26, 1788 North CarolinaNovember 21, 1789 Rhode IslandMay 29, 1790

6. Bill of Rights added to the Constitution First major political issue in U.S. and was peaceful - the experiment of rule by the citizens might work!

7. Amendment Process Proposal by convention of states, ratification by 75% of state conventions (never used) Proposal by convention of states, ratification by 75% of state legislatures (never used) Proposal by Congress (2/3s in each house), ratification by 75% of state conventions (Only used by 21st Amendment) Proposal by Congress (2/3s in each house), ratification by 75% of state legislatures (used by 26 other Amendments)

8. Bill of Rights 1. You have freedoms of religion, free speech, press, and assembly/petition 2. You have the right to “bear arms.” 3. Soldiers may not be placed in your home during peacetime. 4. The government is not allowed to perform illegal searches/seizures and a legal warrant be produced. 5. You cannot be tried twice for the same crime, placed in jail without trial, or be forced to testify against yourself. The govt. cannot take your things without compensation.

9. 6. You have the right to a speedy trial by jury of your peers. You may call witnesses to defend yourself and can confront other witnesses. You will get a lawyer to help you defend yourself. 7. When sued, you will have a trial by jury. 8. Excessive bails/fines are illegal, as is “cruel and unusual punishment.” 9. Elastic Clause - There may be other rights you get that aren’t specifically mentioned (Don’t worry - scholars aren’t sure what this meant exactly, either). Allows the Constitution to change with times. 10. Reserve Clause - Powers not given to the federal govt. shall be controlled by state or local govts.