1. Slide 1p. 96 Terrestrial planets Mercury Venus Earth Mars Background Sun Mars Moon Earth Venus Mercury Sun

2. Slide 2 The Universe Composed of clusters of galaxies. Each cluster has 25 to 1,000 galaxies. Each galaxy has 10 8 to 10 12 stars. Besides stars there are: 1.Nebula 2.Planets 3.Black Holes 4.Dark matter

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5. Slide 5Fig. 6-1, p.97 Earth and Venus – sister planets, Venus 95% in size of Earth

6. Slide 6 Planet/ Moon R in AU Period Revolution RadiusMass Rotation siderial GravityDensity Mercury 0.40.250.40.0559 days 0.40.98 Venus 0.70.60.950.8243 d0.90.95 Earth 1.0 23.9 h1.0 Moon0.003 400,000 km 27.3 d0.270.01227.3 d0.160.6 Mars1.51.90.50.1124.6 h0.40.7 Phobos 9,000 km 7.5 hr5 km1×10 -9 7.5 hr0.0030.3 Deimos23,000 km 30 hr3 km 0.3×10 -9 30 hr0.0020.3

7. Slide 7 Fig. 6-2, p.98 Earth and Moon 1992 Galileo spacecraft

8. Slide 8 AST0601.jpg

9. Slide 9 AST0616.jpg

10. Slide 10 Fig. 6-3, p.98 Interior of terrestrialplanets

11. Slide 11 Fig. 6-8, p.102

12. Slide 12 TIDES

13. Slide 13 Lunar and Solar Tides Solar tides are about 50% of lunar tides. If Sun, Earth and Moon are on one line, then the two tides add. This is during New and Full Moon. 1 + 0.5 = 1.5 times Moon alone. If Sun and Moon are at right angles, then tides subtract. This is during first quarter and last quarter. 1 – 0.5 = 0.5 times Moon alone. Ratio of the high tides 1.5/0.5 = 3!!!

14. Slide 14 Earth’s Magnetic Field Magnetic and geographic north poles are about 1,000 mile apart.

15. Slide 15Fig. 6-12, p.105

16. Slide 16Fig. 6-13b, p.106 Aurora Particles from the Sun entering Earth atmosphere

17. Slide 17Fig. 6-14, p.106 Third quarter Moon

18. Slide 18Fig. 6-15, p.107 Moon rock

19. Slide 19 Radioactive Dating Natural radioactive elements, such as uranium decay over time. Half life is time that half the nucleus of atoms decay. Uranium U(238) (isotope) half life is 4.6 billion years to Lead Pb(206). In 4.6 billion years half would be left. In 9.2 billion years one quarter will be left. Measuring the ratio of Pb(206) to U(238) in a rock, the age is computed when rock was formed.

20. Slide 20Fig. 6-16, p.109 Age of Moon rocks. Oldest rock on Earth is 3.9 billion years. Most meteors have age of 4.5 billion years, age of solar system.

21. Slide 21 AST0609.swf

22. Slide 22 Crater Formation Crater formation

23. Slide 23 Arizona Meteor Crater Diameter about 1,200 meters (4,000 ft).

24. Slide 24Fig. 6-18a, p.110 Far side of the Moon

25. Slide 25Fig. 6-18b, p.110 Moon

26. Slide 26Fig. 6-21, p.110 Apollo 17, 1972

27. Slide 27Fig. 6-23, p.111 Apollo 11, 1969

28. Slide 28Fig. 6-26, p.113 Mercury and Venus can never be seen at midnight,

29. Slide 29Fig. 6-29, p.115 Albedo: fraction of light reflected

30. Slide 30Fig. 6-31, p.116 Mercury Moon Mars Venus

31. Slide 31Fig. 6-33, p.117 Mercury

32. Slide 32Fig. 6-34, p.118 Mercury

33. Slide 33Fig. 6-35, p.118 Mercury Best picture from Earth

34. Slide 34Fig. 6-37, p.119 Venus Best picture from Earth

35. Slide 35Fig. 6-39, p.119 Venus Atmosphere

36. Slide 36Fig. 6-40, p.120 Greenhouse effect.

37. Slide 37Fig. 6-43, p.123 Venus Mount Mons

38. Slide 38 Atmosphere Atmosphere of a planet depends on two factors: Escape velocity and max surface temperature v esc = √(2GM/R) v ~ √(T/m) [m-molecule mass] Relative masses of molecules H 2 =2, He=4, O 2 =32, CO 2 =44 Earth – 11.2 km/s ( 25,000 mi/hr, 40,000km/hr ) 330 ºK Mercury – 4 km/s 700 ºK Venus – 10.4 km/s 750 ºK Mars – 5 km/s 290 ºK Jupiter - 60 km/s 165 ºK Saturn – 35 km/s 135 ºK Uranus – 21 km/s 75 ºK Neptune – 23 km/s 70 ºK Pluto - 1.1km/s 50 ºK Moon – 2.4 km/s ~ 300 ºK

39. Slide 39 Mars Hubble Space Telescope

40. Slide 40 Questions on Mars! Was there running water (rivers) on Mars. Where is the water now? Was (is) there any primitive life on Mars? Why is Mars the best planet to colonize?

41. Slide 41 Mars dust storms

42. Slide 42Fig. 6-47, p.126 Mars Pathfinder

43. Slide 43Fig. 6-48a, p.127 Mars Olympus Mons

44. Slide 44Fig. 6-50b, p.128

45. Slide 45Fig. 6-50a, p.128 Mars Dry river beds

46. Slide 46Fig. 6-52, p.129

47. Slide 47Fig. 6-54, p.130 Viking

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50. Slide 50 AST0618.jpg

51. Slide 51 AST0619.jpg

52. Slide 52 AST0622.jpg

53. Slide 53 AST0623.jpg

54. Slide 54 AST0626.jpg

55. Slide 55Fig. 6-46, p.125 Deimos Phobos Asteroid Gaspra Phobos and Deimos are moons of Mars