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Presenting... New Evidence-Based 2005 Dietary Guidelines
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What are the Dietary Guidelines for Americans? n Report issued by HHS/USDA every 5 years by law since 1980 n Science-based advice to promote health and to reduce risk of major chronic diseases through diet and physical activity n Basis for federal food, nutrition education, and information programs
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DG Advisory Committee Members n Chair: Janet King, PhD., RD. n Lawrence J. Appel, MD., MPH n Yvonne L. Bronner, ScD., RD., LD n Benjamin Caballero, MD., PhD n Carlos A. Camargo, MD., DrPH n Fergus M. Clydesdale, Ph.D n Vay Liang W. Go, MD n Penny M. Kris-Etherton, PhD., RD n Joanne R. Lupton, PhD n Theresa A. Nicklas, DrPH., MPH., LN n Russell R. Pate, PhD n F. Xavier Pi-Sunyer, MD., MPH n Connie M. Weaver, PhD
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The Evidence-Based Process n Defined scientific questions n Reviewed totality of scientific literature n Sought advice of experts n Considered public comment n Wrote conclusive statements n Sent recommendations to the Secretaries
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2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Peer review of DGAC report by HHS/USDA staff Final 2005 Dietary Guidelines released January 12, 2005
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Approach “Firsts” n Used evidence-based approach n Focused on diet to prevent chronic disease n Focused on energy intake; discretionary calories n Focused on physical activity to prevent weight gain/regain
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A Theme Emerges “... Americans need to select a quality diet while staying within their calorie requirements to achieve optimal health.” DGAC technical report l focus on nutrient dense foods with few calories.
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Food Intake Patterns Determined daily intake amounts for each food group l Meet established nutritional goals l Based on nutrient profile for each food group l Developed 12 daily food intake patterns (1000-3200 calories)
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Patterns Differ From Usual Consumption Eat more n Non-fat and low-fat milk and milk products, green vegetables, orange vegetables, legumes, fruits, and whole grains Eat less n Refined grains, total fats, added sugars, and calories
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9 Key Focus Areas n Adequate nutrients within calorie needs n Weight management n Physical activity n Food groups to encourage n Fats n Carbohydrates n Sodium and Potassium n Alcoholic beverages n Food safety
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“Taken together, the Dietary Guidelines encourage most Americans to eat fewer calories, be more active, and make wiser food choices.” 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans
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Consume Adequate Nutrients Within Calorie Needs n Consume a variety of nutrient-dense foods and beverages within and among the basic food groups. l Limit the intake of saturated and trans fats, cholesterol, added sugars, salt, and alcohol. n Adopt a balanced eating pattern, such as the USDA Food Guide or the DASH Eating Plan.
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Consume Adequate Nutrients Within Calorie Needs Shortfall Nutrients of Concern... l Adults: Vitamins A, C, E, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and fiber l Children: Vitamin E, calcium, magnesium, potassium, and fiber Consideration for specific populations -Iron-Vitamin B12 -Folic acid-Vitamin D
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Weight Management n Calories count for weight control l Reduce saturated fat, added sugars, alcohol l Decrease calories by 100-500 kcals/day n Control portion size 3-inch diameter6-inch diameter
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Physical Activity “Engage in regular physical activity... l At least 30 min/day to reduce disease risk l 30-60 min/day to prevent weight gain l 60-90 min/day to sustain weight loss l At least 60 min/day for children/teens
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Food Groups to Encourage n Fruits and vegetables l 5-13 servings/day for 1200-3200 calories l 2 cups fruit & 2 ½ cups vegetables for 2000 calorie diet n Whole grains l At least 3 ounces/day l In place of refined grains n Milk and milk equivalents l 3 cups/day for ages 9 and up l Low-fat or fat-free versions
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Sample Daily Food Pattern Food Group2,000 Calories Fruits4 servings (2 cups) Vegetables5 servings (2 ½ cups) dark green3 cups/week orange2 cups/week legumes3 cups/week starchy3 cups/week other6 ½ cups/week Grains6 ounce-equivalents whole grains3 other grains3
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Sample Food Pattern Food Group2,000 Calories Meat and Beans5 1/2 ounce-equivalents Milk3 cups or equivalent Oils24 grams (6 tsp.) Discretionary Calories267
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Fats n Total fat 20-35% of energy n Most adults... decrease intake of saturated fat and trans fat l Saturated fat 10% of calories l Trans fat as low as possible n Many adults... decrease cholesterol intake l 300 mg/day n Those with heart disease increase EPA & DHA l 8 ounces of fish per week
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Carbohydrates n “Choose fiber-rich fruits, vegetables, and whole grains often.” l 45% to 65% of energy l RDA (adults/children) 130 grams carbs l Increase fiber intake to 14 grams/1000 kcals n “Prepare foods/beverages with little added sugar.” l Decrease frequency of intake l Practice good oral hygiene
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Top 3 Sources of Added Sweeteners in the American Diet Guthrie and Morton, Journal of the American Dietetic Association, 2000. Soft drinks33.0 Sugars and candy16.1 Sweetened grains, such cakes, cookies, pies 12.9
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Sodium and Potassium n Decrease salt intake to reduce risk of hypertension l Less than 2300 mg sodium/day (~1 tsp.) l 1500 mg/day for hypertensives, Blacks and older Americans n Increase intake of potassium-rich foods
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Food Sources of Potassium in American Diet FoodPercent of total* Milk10.2% Potatoes (white)8.9% Coffee6.7% Beef6.2% Tomatoes6.2% Orange/grapefruit juice4.1% Yeast bread3.6% Poultry3.3% Dried beans/lentil2.8% Bananas2.7% Potato/corn chips, popcorn2.3% Tea2.0% Fish/shellfish (excl. canned tuna)<2.0% * Percent of total potassium consumption, CSFII, 1994-96
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Alcoholic Beverages n Limit intake to 1 to 2 drinks per day l One drink for women l Two drinks for men n 12 ounces beer n 5 ounces wine (12% alcohol) n 1.5 ounces (80-proof) spirits n Pregnant women should not drink
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Food Safety n To prevent food borne illness... l Clean hands, surfaces, fruits/vegetables l Separate raw, cooked, ready-to-eat foods l Cook foods to a safe temperature l Refrigerate perishable foods promptly l Avoid unpasteurized milk or milk products, raw eggs, raw/undercooked meat, raw sprouts
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Food Group Highlights
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Consume 4 ½ Cups of Fruits and Vegetables To reduce risk of... n stroke n cancers n type 2 diabetes
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Consume 3 Ounces of Whole Grains Per Day To reduce risk of... n diabetes n coronary heart disease n help with weight maintenance
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Consume 3 Servings Per Day of Milk and Milk Products Health benefits... n improve bone mass n contribute important amounts of many nutrients n healthy weight*
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“Firsts” for Dairy n Increased serving number for Milk, Yogurt and Cheese Group n Recognized for improving diet quality while not causing weight gain n Recommended dairy products, not other calcium sources, for lactose intolerance
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Organizations and Policies Recommending 3 a Day of Dairy n 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans n NMA Consensus Report on Role of Dairy Foods in African American Diets, 2004 n Surgeon General’s Report on Osteoporosis and Bone Health, 2004 n AHA Dietary Guidelines n AAP, AAFP, and ADA n NHLBI JNC-VII blood pressure guidelines
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Another First: Sample Eating Patterns Two eating patterns exemplify the Dietary Guidelines n USDA Food Guide n DASH Eating Plan
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Timetable n Release of Policy Statement -- Dietary Guidelines for Americans – January 2005 n Release of Consumer Communications – January 2005 n Release of Food Guidance System (formerly Pyramid) – Spring
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Key Concepts to Communicate n Be confident that the 2005 DG are based on solid evidence from the latest published research. n Increase intake of fruits/vegetables, whole grains, and fat-free or low-fat milk and milk products. n Consume a variety of foods, but control calories and increase physical activity to manage body weight.
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Putting Recommendations into Action Resources n www.healthierus.gov/dietaryguidelines www.healthierus.gov/dietaryguidelines n www.nationaldairycouncil.org www.nationaldairycouncil.org l Meal plan based on the DG l Tip sheets and graphics l DASH tear pad l Lactose intolerance information l Health education kits n www.3aday.org www.3aday.org l Nutrition education grants n www.assessyourdiet.webmd.com www.assessyourdiet.webmd.com n WebMD Weight Loss Clinic
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Pamphlet for Consumers
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For Health Professionals
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For Consumers
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Meal Plan
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