This will be a session this morning covering section 10 Susan Vannoni Dr Bogardus Scott Simmons THIS SCHEDULE MAY BE MODIFIED DEPENDING UPON SPEAKER AVAILABILITY.

This will be a session this morning covering section 10 Susan Vannoni Dr Bogardus Scott Simmons THIS SCHEDULE MAY BE MODIFIED DEPENDING UPON SPEAKER AVAILABILITY Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

104 Radiation Clinical Treatment Management Covered by pages 1-49 Modified For 02-22-14 010314 10:00 to 10:45 AM, Section #11 Section 11 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

TOTAL CARE OF THE RADIATION ONCOLOGY PATIENT CLINICAL TREATMENT MANAGEMENT The total care of the radiation oncology patient mandates direct clinical management by the radiation oncologist throughout the course of therapy. It is the radiation oncologist’s role and responsibility to provide daily supervision of treatment and hands- on, face-to-face patient care. 1 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Clinical Treatment Management Clinical Treatment Management starts with the acceptance of the patient for treatment. Clinical Treatment Management starts with the acceptance of the patient for treatment. Clinical Treatment Management ends with the Clinical End of Treatment report. Clinical Treatment Management ends with the Clinical End of Treatment report. Clinical Treatment Management is tied to 5 days of treatment delivery only as a convenient means of tracking time for billing purposes. Clinical Treatment Management is tied to 5 days of treatment delivery only as a convenient means of tracking time for billing purposes. 2 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Clinical Treatment Management does not cease for nights, holidays, week ends, or any other time of non active treatment delivery The physician remains responsible for clinical management as long as the patient is under your direct care. 2 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Historical Background. The original three levels of complexity descriptors for treatment management were formulated in the early 1970’s. The term “treatment management” was used to describe both the supervision of treatment delivery and the clinical management of the patient. The term “treatment management” was used to describe both the supervision of treatment delivery and the clinical management of the patient. 2 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Historical Background In the Fall of 1990, AMA-CPT requested that the ACR and ASTRO CPT Committees work to devise a weekly treatment management system that could identify physician procedures performed, and their complex interactions. In the Fall of 1990, AMA-CPT requested that the ACR and ASTRO CPT Committees work to devise a weekly treatment management system that could identify physician procedures performed, and their complex interactions. The ACR recommended that the AMA- CPT adopt the new code 77427 weekly treatment management, effective Jan 1, 1991, we have had this code for 21 years, and many physicians still have problems documenting it’s use. The ACR recommended that the AMA- CPT adopt the new code 77427 weekly treatment management, effective Jan 1, 1991, we have had this code for 21 years, and many physicians still have problems documenting it’s use. 3 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Historical Background As a key part of the negotiations to achieve 77427, it was agreed that all the items of weekly care and management will be performed on a regular basis and documented by regular under beam progress notes 3 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

CPT Radiation Therapy Treatment Management Codes 77427 - Weekly Radiation Therapy Management, 5 fractions 77431 - Radiation Therapy Management; Short course, 1 or 2 fractions 77432 - Radiation Therapy Management; Stereotactic, (SRS) 1 fraction 77435 – Radiation Therapy Management; SBRT, SRS, full course of therapy, up to a max of 5 fractions, (2007) 77469- Radiation Therapy Management; Intraoperative. 4 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Professional billing 77427 Professional billing relates to 5 fractions of therapy delivered, regardless of the number of elapsed calendar days and must be billed as 77427 X 1 per 5 FX block of treatments. Professional billing relates to 5 fractions of therapy delivered, regardless of the number of elapsed calendar days and must be billed as 77427 X 1 per 5 FX block of treatments. The billing date for weekly management, 77427, is usually the first day of each of the 5 day blocks. The billing date for weekly management, 77427, is usually the first day of each of the 5 day blocks. 4 10/104 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Most of the Carriers want you to report this way 5 fractions equal one Week, bill first date of week NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

RULE OF 5 ROUND OFF 5 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Historical Background It is imperative that each physician document their direct involvement in all of the procedures related to a week of treatment management. It is imperative that each physician document their direct involvement in all of the procedures related to a week of treatment management. It is expected that each patient will have as many regularly spaced progress notes as there are weeks of treatments. It is expected that each patient will have as many regularly spaced progress notes as there are weeks of treatments. The complexity and completeness of the note must reflect the complexity of care for the patient. The complexity and completeness of the note must reflect the complexity of care for the patient. 7 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

The physician will be expected to have reviewed as many of these elements as are applicable to the current course of treatment management It is extremely important that these five critical elements be covered in each note. I Chart and dosimetry review II Treatment setup and delivery review III Port film or electronic image review IV Under beam evaluation of the patient V Recommendation of therapy WEEKLY UNDER BEAM PROGRESS NOTES Five Required Review Elements 7 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

The weekly progress note does not necessarily have to occur on the same day of each week, but for a course of therapy there should be an equal or greater number of progress notes than the weeks of management being billed. 8 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri TX TX TX TX TX Week TX TX TX TX TX NO PROGRESS NOTE WEEK 1 1 NO PROGRESS NOTE WEEK 1 This causes problems with 77427 This causes problems with 77427 TX TX TX TX TX Week TX TX TX TX TX PN 2 PN 77427 TX TX TX TX TX Week TX TX TX TX TX PN 3 PN 77427 TX TX TX TX TX Week TX TX TX TX TX PN 4 PN 77427 9 A weekly note must occur sometime during each 5 day interval Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Mon Tues Wed Thurs Fri TX TX TX TX TX Week TX TX TX TX TX PN Having a note on week 1 is crucial 1 PN Having a note on week 1 is crucial 77427 TX TX TX TX TX Week TX TX TX TX TX PN 2 PN 77427 TX TX TX TX TX Week TX TX TX TX TX PN 3 PN 77427 TX TX TX TX TX Week TX TX TX TX TX PN 4 PN 77427 9 A weekly note must occur sometime during each 5 day interval PN 77427 EOT Having a note on the last TX date is very important Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Notice, the weekly management is being billed on the 1st date of each five-day treatment interval The progress notes are occurring regularly on Monday regardless of the elapsed number of treatments NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

WEEKLY PROGRESS NOTE There is no written directive stating which day during the treatment week that the physician/patient encounter must occur. There is no stipulation of the manner of interaction, only that it be “face to face” 9 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Which is a valid location for patient/physician encounter? Exam room Waiting room Parking garage Treatment consoleTreatment room Hall way 9 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

ALL OF THEM At each encounter this patient had the opportunity ask question related to her course of treatment. At each encounter this patient had the opportunity ask question related to her course of treatment. At each encounter the patient acknowledges her interaction with the physician. At each encounter the patient acknowledges her interaction with the physician. At each encounter the physician has the opportunity to evaluate the patient’s general condition. At each encounter the physician has the opportunity to evaluate the patient’s general condition. At each encounter the physician will use his best judgment to determine what is needed to evaluate response to treatment and radiation reactions At each encounter the physician will use his best judgment to determine what is needed to evaluate response to treatment and radiation reactions There is no written requirement related to length of time or location of the patient/physician encounter There is no written requirement related to length of time or location of the patient/physician encounter As long as privacy concerns are met to the satisfaction of both the physician and the patient. As long as privacy concerns are met to the satisfaction of both the physician and the patient. 10 20/104 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

WEEKLY PROGRESS NOTE The patient /physician encounter is only one of the 5 required elements of weekly management The patient /physician encounter is only one of the 5 required elements of weekly management The weekly progress note is a document covering all aspects of patient care and management. The weekly progress note is a document covering all aspects of patient care and management. Each of the 5 basic elements is further subdivided into many sub routines that require individual documentation Each of the 5 basic elements is further subdivided into many sub routines that require individual documentation 10 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

WEEKLY PROGRESS NOTE The production of this supporting document does not need to coincide with the physical examination of the patient. The production of this supporting document does not need to coincide with the physical examination of the patient. It is customary done this way only as a general convenience, not a requirement It is customary done this way only as a general convenience, not a requirement 10 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Medicare is tightening the availability rules as part of the “Revised Incident To” ruling of Jan 1, 2009, April 7, 2009, April 1, 2010. Commercial carriers are also beginning to pay very close attention to physician availability Commercial carriers are also beginning to pay very close attention to physician availability. Availability of Physician During Treatment Management, HOPPS 11 25/104 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

General supervision means the procedure is furnished under the physician’s overall direction and control, but the physician’s presence is not required during the performance of the procedure. ISODOSE PLAN, BLOCKS, DOSIMETRY General supervision means the procedure is furnished under the physician’s overall direction and control, but the physician’s presence is not required during the performance of the procedure. ISODOSE PLAN, BLOCKS, DOSIMETRY Direct supervision in the office setting means the physician must be present in the office suite and immediately available to furnish assistance and direction throughout the performance of the procedure. It does not mean that the physician must be present in the room when the procedure is performed. TREATMENT DELIVERY Direct supervision in the office setting means the physician must be present in the office suite and immediately available to furnish assistance and direction throughout the performance of the procedure. It does not mean that the physician must be present in the room when the procedure is performed. TREATMENT DELIVERY Personal supervision means a physician must be in attendance in the room during the performance of the procedure. SIMULATION, PATIENT EXAMINATION Personal supervision means a physician must be in attendance in the room during the performance of the procedure. SIMULATION, PATIENT EXAMINATION 12 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

 There shall be a full-time radiation oncologist per facility ( Hospital out patient or Free standing center) immediately available, interruptible, and able to furnish assistance and direction throughout the procedure.  The attending physician or a responsible physician (Ideally THIS PHYSICIAN SHOULD BE A RADIATION ONCOLOGIST) must be either in direct attendance or reasonably accessible during the time that radiation treatments are being delivered. The Radiation Oncologist (CMS 2010 ) 12 30/104 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

The Responsible Physician It is not in accordance with the law for a Non Physician practitioner to provide physician services supervision. It is not in accordance with the law for a Non Physician practitioner to provide physician services supervision. 13 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

INCIDENT TO SERVICES The CMS requirements clearly state that if the responsible physician leaves a free standing center, even to go to the hospital, then all Medicare related services must stop unless coverage is provides The CMS requirements clearly state that if the responsible physician leaves a free standing center, even to go to the hospital, then all Medicare related services must stop unless coverage is provides The 15 minute exclusion is not mentioned, as this was only a concession to ACR many years ago and never became part of CMS policy The 15 minute exclusion is not mentioned, as this was only a concession to ACR many years ago and never became part of CMS policy Summary of R128BP page 13 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Coverage under –Q5 A Medical Oncologist who has been credentialed to cover daily treatment delivery patient care, Who is working in the same clinic, Who is interruptible and able to respond “Right away” -Q5 Services provided by a substitute physician -Q5 Services provided by a substitute physician 14 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

If a physician is unavailable for one week (5 treatments) then the physician who is covering will be the Physician of Record and the Week of Management must be billed under his name. The only exception is for locum tenens coverage where the billing remains in the original physician’s name. 14 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

THIS IS OUR BEST INTERPRETATION OF THE EXISTING REGULATIONS Check your local carrier if in doubt about coverage, especially in rural areas of limited medical accessibility NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

INITIAL EVALUATION DOSIMETRY TREATMENT IMAGING EXAMINATION UNDER BEAM PROGRESS NOTES CLINICAL END OF TREATMENT SUMMARY FOLLOW UP NOTES Using the cascading Information format, vital clinical and technical data may be transferred, discarded, or added to each new weekly document as it is created The under beam progress note is a clinical weekly summary documenting the physician’s involvement in the weekly management of the patient NIB Narrative on page 6 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Compliance and audits. These are two words that most physicians and administrators really don't like to hear. With cascading, elements of an E/M document will copy verbatim into subsequent documents. Verbatim copying will cause cascading of old information into new encounter forms without any change. Medicare considers that an identically copied note indicates that the physician was not actively involved in the creation of the new note. Templating has HCFA considering severe penalties when they find large sections of notes that are 100% copies in subsequent workups. NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Verbatim Cut and Paste NIB This is from HHS and DOJ Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

They Really Mean It NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

All physicians and users should be very much aware of this potential problem. They are well advised to carefully read any areas of their notes that are likely to change such as; Chief Complaint, HPI, Physical Exam Review of Systems Medical decision-making Other areas may also change. Do not always use exactly the same time for every patient or type of encounter. NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

NIB Compliance Warning, Cascaded Information Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Original work up Six week follow-up NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

All that is really required is a quick review of the areas of a document where you know some changes have probably occurred based upon the patient's clinical findings and treatment parameters. Document those changes in the record. If no changes have occurred, indicate that you have reviewed that section and it is truly unchanged from the previous work up. EMRs make compliance very easy, but they also make auditing very easy. NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

We Recommend Any cascaded topic that has not been reviewed on a new document will clear upon save and record. Any cascaded topic that has not been reviewed on a new document will clear upon save and record. If the topic has been opened and any change has been made, then the changed topic and its questions and answers will be saved. If the topic has been opened and any change has been made, then the changed topic and its questions and answers will be saved. You may indicate “reviewed and save, no change needed”. You may indicate “reviewed and save, no change needed”. NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Clinical example Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Verification of correct summation of dose Verification of correct summation of dose Verify that time and/or monitor units are correct. Verify that time and/or monitor units are correct. Stop or re-evaluation points are clearly indicated. Stop or re-evaluation points are clearly indicated. The correct modalities of treatment are indicated. The correct modalities of treatment are indicated. The correct beam energy is indicated. The correct beam energy is indicated. Proper beam modifiers are in place. Proper beam modifiers are in place. Tumor dose is compared to the tolerance dose of critical tissues. Tumor dose is compared to the tolerance dose of critical tissues. Critical tissue dose points are carried Critical tissue dose points are carried The number of treatment volumes is correct. The number of treatment volumes is correct. The number of ports is correct. The number of ports is correct. # 1--Chart & Dosimetry Review 15 Document of the first day of treatment with the first under beam note Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

the physician should be readily available for corrective action should the need arise. It is understood that it is impossible for the physician to be physically present during each and every setup, but the physician should be readily available for corrective action should the need arise. #2 Treatment Setup & Positioning Evaluation 15 Document of the first day of treatment with the first under beam note Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Radiographic films or electronic or portal imaging studies are taken at regular intervals of all of the portals being treated. Port film review must be documented each week in the under beam progress note, if imaging is performed. # 3--Portal Film Review for Imaging 16 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Examination of the patient consists of clinical evaluation, assessment of tumor response, and case management. The radiation oncologist should physically examine the patient each week for treatment related side effects, and tumor response. # 4--UNDER BEAM EVALUATION PROGRESS NOTE 16 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Under Beam Examination Every patient under treatment, without exception, should be seen and examined at least once per week by the physician. - Every patient under treatment, without exception, should be seen and examined at least once per week by the physician. This is a key element of the weekly note. The PA can do much of the work, but the physician must be involved 17 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

For under beam visits, these components are the same as for other E/M services. E/M services are included in weekly management and cannot be charged separate. 17 44/104 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Many factors make up a weekly progress note, the use of multiple choice questions with many choices of answers, makes each note unique and reduces the appearance of “macro copying” 17 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Pages 17 to 20 give a short summary of the needed elements to make up a compliant progress note. You should follow these guide lines to format the content of your notes. NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Every progress note should have the basic demographic information about the patient. 21 UNDER BEAM PROGRESS NOTE Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

History of Present Illness A very short version of the patient's present illness should be presented limited to only a few sentences summarizing the case to-date. 21 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Current Treatment Parameters Area(s) under treatment Energy/mode Evaluation of appropriateness and accuracy of all Treatment Devices Current dosage Planned dosage Critical structure dosage Microdosimetry as done Any corrective action as required 22 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

22 A weekly review of technical factors is required, once entered, this component usually will not vary week to week, if any factors change, then the note must reflect the changes Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

23 Physical Examination Constitutional General appearance Examination of area under treatment must always be included Examination of other areas as needed Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Current Status of any Treatment Reactions Skin reactions GI reactions Oral cavity reactions Hematologic profile Present weight as related to previous weight 24 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

24 Tumor Response Indicate any changes from previous work-up Significant or subtle changes in tumor size Expected response at current dose level Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Full assessment of pain Medications and corrective actions Order and document medications Print prescriptions Maintain a compliant list of all medications and prescriptions. Maintain a compliant list of all medications and prescriptions. Pain Assessment and Management ONCOCHART See Section 3 Page 8 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

e-RX Prescribe for Narcotics Covered in section 3 page 8 This is the token, a random number generator used to verify electronic narcotic prescribing. Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

New DEA controlled drug requirements DEA regulations require a pharmacy to receive a new valid signed prescription. DEA has further stated that a pharmacy may not provide a partially or fully pre-populated form for the prescribing practitioner. The physician may either fax narcotic prescriptions or send electronically if pharmacy has the capability. NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

continue Patient to continue therapy hold Patient placed on hold – state the reason modification Treatment requires modification completed Patient has completed the course of treatment THIS MUST BE COMPLETED BY THE PHYSICIAN EACH WEEK, NO OTHER PERSON CAN MAKE THIS DECISION. THIS MUST BE COMPLETED BY THE PHYSICIAN EACH WEEK, NO OTHER PERSON CAN MAKE THIS DECISION. #5 Recommendation of Treatment 25 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Physician orders (CPO) With electronic records, Clinical Physician Orders have been made much easier to deal with. With electronic records, Clinical Physician Orders have been made much easier to deal with. Multiple paper forms are eliminated Multiple paper forms are eliminated Orders can be tailored to fit the case Orders can be tailored to fit the case Orders can be sent electronically Orders can be sent electronically 25 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Physician work page has all the common procedures that require orders. This can be initiated by any authorized person in the department A narrative is produced which can be sent electronically, faxed, or printed 25 ONCOCHART THIS IS A MEANINGFUL USE REQUIREMENT Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Drug Orders in Dept. Electronic record of physician order for medication dispensed by nursing staff and signed off by physician. Compliant with JCAHO and Meaningful Use. Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

This is a brief narrative summary of a review of any of the preceding elements that show significant change, or new developments of importance to the care of the patient. Clinical comment regarding Current Status ONCOCHART 26 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

26 Coordination of Care Routine progress notes should be sent to the patient’s other physicians to keep them informed of the case under treatment. 60/104 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Physician Demographics Every progress note should conclude with a signature of the physician of record and indication of copies to other physicians or charts. Electronic signature is acceptable if original signature is on file. 26 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Check-off and fill-in weekly summaries are marginally acceptable, but they must be legible and complete. They must show that the physician has documented his/her direct involvement in the production of the weekly assessment. 27 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

NIB This check off note just barely will suffice as a valid progress note. Demographics, vitals, dose, and some recommendation of therapy are noted, but the rest is almost unintelligible, and far too brief, with many key elements missing, such as a legible signature and physician name. THIS NOTE DOES NOT MEET MEANINGFUL USE, WHICH IS NOW REQUIRED Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

This weekly under beam note is also marginal in terms of useful data, and does not meet compliance requirements. NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

NIB Electronically Generated Progress Notes are Preferable NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Clinical end of treatment summary. The clinical end of treatment summary is a non reimbursable procedure, but is absolutely necessary to indicate the termination of the course of radiation treatment. This document should contain sufficient information to allow the requesting physician, or any other physician involved in the care of the case to fully understand the course of treatment that was just completed. Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Transition of care If you are attesting for meaningful use a transition of care record is required, but it is also very good clinical practice. The transition of care record, combined with an end of treatment summary allows you to transfer a great deal of meaningful information to the referring physician for their continued care of the patient. Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Transition of Care Document Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Weekly Treatment Management 77427 What’s it for? The physician’s ongoing clinical care during a course of therapy. Who normally documents/bills/captures this code? The physician. What Documentation is suggested for this code? A weekly progress note (every 5 fractions) by the physician What are the common documentation errors with this code? Inadequate amount of information in the weekly notes. Missing progress notes for the given number of fractions. What are the common billing errors identified? Billing this code based only on the number of fractions without adequate documentation (progress notes) existing in the record. BID therapy requires a progress note every 5 fractions (2 ½ calendar days) BID therapy requires a progress note every 5 fractions (2 ½ calendar days) 27 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

FIBEROPTIC ENDOSCOPY PROCEDURE CPT 31575 28 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Typical format of endoscopy report FIBEROPTIC ENDOSCOPY This patient is currently being treated for a T1, N0, M0, squamous cell carcinoma of the right true vocal cord. The patient has just completed his third week of radiation therapy. He is currently being treated at 180 cGy per day and is currently at 2700 cGy Procedure: Utilizing a premedication of Pontocaine and Epinephrine applied through nasal atomizer into the right nares, the fiberoptic endoscope was inserted without difficulty. The nasal vestibule and nasal passages were carefully evaluated and found to be unchanged from the previous examination of two weeks ago. The endoscope was advanced further and the nasopharynx was clearly visualized. Both eustachian orifices were clear. A mild amount of dried secretion was noted along the posterior pharyngeal wall. None of this appears to be significant. There is a mild injection of the mucosa of the nasopharynx but no abnormalities were noted. The endoscope was then advanced further and the hypopharynx and base of the tongue area were carefully evaluated and found to be unchanged from previous evaluations. The endoscope was then advanced into the region of the larynx. The epiglottis was noted to be symmetrical and without lesions. A moderate amount of mucositis is beginning to develop in the area of the larynx. This is most noticeable along the base of the epiglottis. Laryngeal ventricles are completely within normal limits. Pyriform sinuses are within normal limits. The false cords are beginning to show a very light edema. There is a moderate amount of mucositis throughout the perilaryngeal area. The vocal cords move well and oppose midline. The lesion that was previously noted along the anterior aspect of the right cord is beginning to decrease in size. There is a white membrane that has formed along the area of the right anterior cord primarily in the region of the tumor. There is no membrane formation on the left cord. The procedure was terminated without difficulty. Impression: Expected response at three weeks of therapy with beginning resolution of tumor. Recommendation: The patient will continue on the planed course of radiation therapy without modification. C.R. Bogardus, Jr., M.D./nz ONCOCHART MAY BE REPORTED DURING AN ACTIVE COURSE OF TREATMENT 29 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

77417 Therapeutic radiology port Film(s) Port films are taken on the treatment machine using the treatment beam to ensure that the treatment setup is as prescribed by the simulation and dosimetry. Any changes indicated by the port films must be corrected or incorporated into the treatment plan. For coding purposes, real-time or on-line portal imaging is the same as obtaining port films. The technical component (i.e. the costs associated with generating port films) is reportable using code 77417. 30 70/104 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

The review and interpretation of port films is considered as part of the weekly clinical treatment management by the physician. IMRT, Electron or Kilovoltage treatment may not produce port films. Weekly orthogonal images for IMRT setup may be billed as port films 31 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Port Films 77417 What’s is this code for? Weekly Port Film or Electronic Portal Imaging. Who normally documents/bills/captures this code? Treatment Therapist. When is this code normally billed? One time per five fractions, regardless of how many images are taken. What Documentation is suggested for this code? What Documentation is suggested for this code? A notation in the chart that portal images were taken, and if any corrective action was needed. What are the common documentation errors identified. The lack of physician participation in the documentation. What are the common billing errors identified? Billing an incorrect number of units. Billing these images professionally (they are technical only). 33 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Conformal Treatment Management Conformal radiation therapy treatment management (3-D designed) consists of clinical management of custom designed and blocked treatment portals, directed to a treatment volume of interest. Conformal radiation therapy treatment management (3-D designed) consists of clinical management of custom designed and blocked treatment portals, directed to a treatment volume of interest. 3-D Conformal management (not SRS, or SBRT) is to be reported using code 77427 3-D Conformal management (not SRS, or SBRT) is to be reported using code 77427 34 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

77469 Intraoperative treatment management, single session This code is to be utilized when only 1 fraction makes up the entire course of treatment management.This code is to be utilized when only 1 fraction makes up the entire course of treatment management. All management codes are mutually exclusive per course of therapyAll management codes are mutually exclusive per course of therapy 34 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Short Course of Clinical 77431Short Course of Clinical Treatment Management This code is to be utilized when only 1 or 2 fractions make up the entire course of treatment management. Note: This code may not be used to be reimbursed for the remaining one or two treatments at the end of a long course of therapy (ACR, 2001). 35 77/104 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Prevention of Heterotrophic Bone formation Most commonly done following major bone trauma Most commonly done following major bone trauma Single treatment of 6 to 8 Gy Single treatment of 6 to 8 Gy All procedures done on one day. All procedures done on one day. Consult, treatment planning, simulation, blocks, dosimetry, and treatment Consult, treatment planning, simulation, blocks, dosimetry, and treatment ICD-9 code 728.13 or V-07.8 ICD-9 code 728.13 or V-07.8 36 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

HETROTROPHIC BONE PREVENTIONPOST OPERATIVE 36 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Short Course of Clinical Treatment Management 77431 What is this code for? The physician’s clinical care during a short course of only 1 or 2 fractions. Who normally documents this code? The physician. When is this code normally billed? The last day of the short course. What Documentation is needed for this code? A progress note outlining the short course of therapy. What are the common documentation errors identified with this code? No physician’s note being documented. What are the common billing errors identified? What are the common billing errors identified? Billing this code with Brachytherapy, this is only for external beam patients. Do not report for 1 or 2 leftover fractions of at the end of a long course of therapy. 39 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Chemotherapy with Radiation Treatments 41 85/104 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Chemotherapy with Radiation Treatments Chemotherapy, or the use of drugs to treat cancer, is a concept that has been with us for over 40 years. Chemotherapy, or the use of drugs to treat cancer, is a concept that has been with us for over 40 years. In the beginning, the drugs were extremely toxic, and relatively ineffective. In the beginning, the drugs were extremely toxic, and relatively ineffective. New drugs have been perfected which are highly disease selective. New drugs have been perfected which are highly disease selective. There are many drugs in use today that target specific cell lines of malignancy. There are many drugs in use today that target specific cell lines of malignancy. Some of these drugs are used alone, others are used in combination, and others are used in conjunction with radiation therapy. Some of these drugs are used alone, others are used in combination, and others are used in conjunction with radiation therapy. 41 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Almost all of the chemotherapeutic agents are highly toxic and create various medical problems for the patient in addition to their beneficial effects against the malignancy. Almost all of the chemotherapeutic agents are highly toxic and create various medical problems for the patient in addition to their beneficial effects against the malignancy. The beneficial effects of these drugs usually will out weigh the toxic side effects, and for this reason chemotherapy plays a very important role in the overall management scheme of patients with malignancy. The beneficial effects of these drugs usually will out weigh the toxic side effects, and for this reason chemotherapy plays a very important role in the overall management scheme of patients with malignancy. 41 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

When chemotherapy is used, the acute and long- term effects, must be taken into account by the radiation oncologist. When chemotherapy is used, the acute and long- term effects, must be taken into account by the radiation oncologist. Patients receiving chemotherapy tend to be sicker and require closer and more careful attention Patients receiving chemotherapy tend to be sicker and require closer and more careful attention The treatment planning and treatment management of the course of therapy will always be complex. This will be true even in what otherwise, would have been a simple case. The treatment planning and treatment management of the course of therapy will always be complex. This will be true even in what otherwise, would have been a simple case. 41 88/104 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

77470 Special treatment procedure (e.g. total body irradiation, hemibody irradiation, per oral endo-cavitary or intra-operative cone irradiation) This code covers the additional physician effort and work required for the special procedures of, total body irradiation, hemibody irradiation, intracavitary cone use, Brachytherapy, hyperthermia, concurrent chemotherapy, radiation response modifiers, stereotactic radiosurgery (single fraction or fractionated), intra-operative radiation therapy, 3- D CRT, IMRT (removed 2012 ), heavy particles (e.g. protons/neutrons), and any other special time- consuming and complex treatment procedure. ) Special Treatment Procedure 77470 42 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

The code 77470, is designated to cover the additional time and effort required of the physician and the hospital technical staff while performing and/or managing special treatment situations The code 77470, is designated to cover the additional time and effort required of the physician and the hospital technical staff while performing and/or managing special treatment situations. This code may be reported only one time per course of therapy. 42 77470 IS A GLOBAL BILLLING CODE Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

SPECIAL TREATMENT PROCEDURE WORKPAGE Note the many different indications for reporting the special treatment procedure, 77470 43 ONCOCHART Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Can anything better exemplify special treatment procedure than pediatric anesthesia? NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

A narrative note is absolutely necessary as the backup documentation for 77470. Simply including a line in a weekly progress note is not sufficient documentation to justify the billing of this code. The reasons are all here, just make certain that they are verbalized. Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Special Procedure Note This patient has just completed three months of multi-drug chemotherapy by Dr. Ishmael. We have been watching the patient over the last few weeks as the counts have slowly risen to a respectable level. The patient now has 4500 WBC's and 217,000 platelets. Patient still has marked alopecia from the chemotherapy. Considerable time was spent this morning with the patient and the patient's family explaining the possibility of continued, severe, interactions between the radiation and the just completed course of chemotherapy. It is anticipated that the patient will be experiencing a marked increase in skin reactions because of the course of Adriamycin. The treatment portals will be close to the heart, but every effort will be made to avoid treating any of the myocardium. The patient and the patient's family do understand the possibility of severe reactions and difficulties that will probably be experienced during the forthcoming course of radiation treatments. The course of radiation therapy over the next six weeks will be carefully coordinated with Dr. Ishmael. Dr. Ishmael will be available to handle any medical problems that may arise during this period of time. We will be observing the patient on a daily basis during the first part of the course of treatment to make certain that reactions are not excessive. The patient and the patient's family fully understand that the treatments are absolutely necessary but that the patient will experience considerable discomfort and other interrelated problems during the next few weeks. Carl R. Bogardus, Jr., M.D. ONCOCHART 43 92/104 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Multiple reasons for 77470 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Special Treatment Procedures 77470 What’s it for? The additional effort involved in caring for patients under highly complex circumstances. Who normally documents this code? Varies widely, but usually the physician. When is this code normally billed? Upfront at the same time as the physician’s clinical treatment planning. What Documentation is suggested for this code? A physician narrative explaining medical necessity. What is the common documentation error identified with this code? Not documenting the code with a separate written document. What are the common billing errors identified? Missing the code due to inadequate documentation of the procedure. There is no “physical” event to trigger billing, it must be recognized by circumstances. 44 SP89/104 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

BILLING INPATIENT CARE FROM A FREESTANDING CENTER OR HOSPITAL BASED PROGRAM By law, Medicare stipulates that the technical component of inpatient radiation therapy must be included as part of the DRG of the admission By law, Medicare stipulates that the technical component of inpatient radiation therapy must be included as part of the DRG of the admission 45 94/104 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

RADIATION THERAPY DRG There are 523 DRG Codes There are 523 DRG Codes Code 409 is the only DRG with radiation therapy Code 409 is the only DRG with radiation therapy 409 is defined as concomitant chemotherapy and radiation therapy during the admission 409 is defined as concomitant chemotherapy and radiation therapy during the admission DRG codes do not include additional reimbursement for radiation therapy DRG codes do not include additional reimbursement for radiation therapy This is why you are discouraged from starting therapy while a hospital inpatient This is why you are discouraged from starting therapy while a hospital inpatient 45 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

If the patient is a Medicare recipient and becomes hospitalized as an inpatient, but being transported to a freestanding center each day for treatment, then the patient must be billed as an inpatient, not as an outpatient. Most freestanding centers have contracts with hospitals to cover these situations. Hospital owned departments make these corrections internally. 46 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Skilled Nursing Facility Patients admitted to a skilled nursing facility (SNF) under the part A benefit or a Medicare part A stay are considered to be hospital inpatients, and as such are covered under a specific DRG of admission. Treatment of these patients requires the technical component of treatment to be billed to the SNF, not Part B. Treatment of these patients requires the technical component of treatment to be billed to the SNF, not Part B. This may not apply to private insurance 46 SP98/104 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

HYPERTHERMIA Covered by codes 77600 to 77620 Covered by codes 77600 to 77620 Payment value of coverage of treatment by negotiation with local insurance carriers Payment value of coverage of treatment by negotiation with local insurance carriers 46 77600 – 77620 ARE GLOBAL BILLING CODES 99/104 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

BSD Phased Array hyperthermia unit 48 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

HYPERTHERMIA ISOTHERMIC PLAN NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

AVAILABLE CODES Only the Hyperthermia delivery codes are specific to Hyperthermia. Only the Hyperthermia delivery codes are specific to Hyperthermia. 77600 Superficial up to 4 cm depth 77600 Superficial up to 4 cm depth 77605 Deep over 4 cm in depth 77605 Deep over 4 cm in depth 77610 Probes (interstitial) 5 or less probes 77610 Probes (interstitial) 5 or less probes 77615 Probes (interstitial) 6 or more probes 77615 Probes (interstitial) 6 or more probes 77620 Probes ( intracavitary) any number 77620 Probes ( intracavitary) any number New codes were planned for 2009 New codes were planned for 2009 49 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

CODES THAT CAN BE USED 77263 Complex treatment planning 77263 Complex treatment planning 77470 Special treatment procedure 77470 Special treatment procedure 77290 Initial set up simulation 77290 Initial set up simulation 77280 Subsequent simulations same area 77280 Subsequent simulations same area 77305 Isothermic plan, superficial 77305 Isothermic plan, superficial 77310 Isothermic plan deep one port 77310 Isothermic plan deep one port 77315 Isothermic plan deep, multiple ports 77315 Isothermic plan deep, multiple ports 77295 Isothermic plan, 3-D planning 77295 Isothermic plan, 3-D planning 77326 Isothermic plan interstitial up to 4 probes 77326 Isothermic plan interstitial up to 4 probes 77327 Isothermic plan interstitial, 5-10 probes 77327 Isothermic plan interstitial, 5-10 probes 77328 Isothermic plan interstitial, over 10 probes 77328 Isothermic plan interstitial, over 10 probes 77328 Isothermic plan intracavitary 77328 Isothermic plan intracavitary 77300 Basic Dosimetry for heating time calculations 77300 Basic Dosimetry for heating time calculations 77300 Calculation of areas of maximal or minimal heating 77300 Calculation of areas of maximal or minimal heating 49 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

PRINCIPLES OF BILLING, CODING AND COMPLIANCE IN RADIATION ONCOLOGY BMSi 2014 END 11 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

END OF SECTION 11 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

MEDICARE (CMS), 2010, REQUIRES  There shall be a full-time physician, preferably a radiation oncologist, per facility, physically available on a daily basis for direct supervision of daily treatment, and management of any patient related treatment problems. The 5 elements of weekly management must be documented by this physician for each week of treatment. The 5 elements of weekly management must be documented by this physician for each week of treatment. 7 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Trail Blazer opinion June 2010 For billing radiation treatment management, 77427, Medicare expects the radiation oncologist to bill the weekly management code for the management related to five consecutive treatment delivery sessions and to have seen the patient at least once during that time period. The actual visit could occur anytime during that time period. 11 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

R128BP page 13 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

23 Pain Ambulation Social interactions Memory Psycho-social adjustment Nutritional status should always be mentioned as related to present weight Physician/patient self assessment of Q of L Assessment of Quality of Life 51/104 Generally done by the nursing staff but must be reviewed by the physician Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Review of current portal films or images Comparison with previous portal films or images Comparison with simulation films or images Comparison with appropriate diagnostic imaging Corrective action if necessary Review of corrected portal films or images Indicate if films not required (electrons, superficial) Review of Portal Images ONCOCHART 31 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Total Body or Hemi body Radiation Therapy Total or hemi body therapy is an extremely complex procedure requiring a great deal of physician input, often requiring special testing, consultations, and physics evaluations. When only one or two treatments are given for the entire course of therapy, you should bill short course of treatment management 77431. 37 80/104 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

992XXHigh Complexity Evaluation 77263Therapeutic Radiology Treatment Planning; Complex 77290Therapeutic Radiology Simulation; Complex Simulation may be repeated on different days during the initial setup procedures. 77300Basic Radiation Dosimetry Calculation This may be calculated on many occasions. This may be reported as many times as performed and Documented. 77321Special Teletherapy Port Plan (Electrons, if used) 77336Continuing Medical Physics Support, 1 charged for 1 to 5 fractions. 77370Special Medical Radiation Physics Consultation As Requested By the radiation oncologist. Usually only 1 of these would be required for a total body course of treatment. Valid charges for total body radiation therapy 38 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

77331Special Dosimetry (TLD or Diode Microdosimetry) This may be billed as often as requested to cover all measured dose points. 77334Special Shields Special shields for the lungs may be constructed. 77427Weekly Megavoltage Treatment Management –22, If over 2 treatments given, Modifier –22 is used to increase the billed value. 77431Short Course Clinical Treatment Management -22 Modifier –22 may be used to increase the value of this code. 77417Port Films, 1 charge is allowed per week (5 fractions) of treatment. 77470Special Treatment Procedure -22 Modifier –22 may be used for a one-time charge for the special treatment procedure. 38 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Review of Laboratory Data (page 18-19) Laboratory tests, should be discussed and summarized summarized Comparison to previous laboratory work Comparison to previous laboratory work Indicate corrective actions if necessary Indicate corrective actions if necessary Ordering of any new testing as required Ordering of any new testing as required Review of Diagnostic Imaging Studies ( page 19) Compare with previous imaging studies Compare with current portal films if indicated Ordering of any new testing or imaging as required Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Look at errors on note Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Rework incident to Decrease number of slides Decrease number of slides Clean up wording Clean up wording Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Month End Crossing On March 2009 the National Government Services, a CMS contracting agent "clarified" the proper reporting of 77427. This is reported in the Medicare Claims processing manual (100-04), Chapter 13, Section.1. In the event that five fractions occur in two different calendar months or years, the billing "from and to" dates should reflect the month in which the most fractions were performed. NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

“Clarified” method of Billing 3 Fractions make up this week Bill first date of “clarified” week Week Mgmt Orphaned date Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

This makes the billing more difficult Orphaned date Week Mgmt We then return to a conventional 5 day week but what do we do with the 2 orphaned dates? NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

Even More Difficult with 2 days in each Crossing Segment Which set has the week of management billed, and if only 2 fractions make up the end of a course, you cannot bill a week of management, so do we loose the last week of 77427 management billing????? NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

INCIDENT TO SERVICES The Physician direct supervision requirements are required if the services are performed within a hospital, the physician must be within the hospital, but not necessarily in the radiation therapy department, this has been clearly stated by CMS in the ruling of April 7, 2000 The Physician direct supervision requirements are required if the services are performed within a hospital, the physician must be within the hospital, but not necessarily in the radiation therapy department, this has been clearly stated by CMS in the ruling of April 7, 2000 Summary of R128BP page 13 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

ASTRO Comments, 04-30-12 NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

This illogical scheme of reporting will make billing and auditing very difficult for no rational purpose. I recall this same proposal about the year 1991 as the code 77427 was brought into use. This was soon changed to ignore the monthly crossing recommendation as being far too difficult to bill and audit. If your carrier is forcing you to use this method, you should protest NIB Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

INCIDENT TO SERVICES If the hospital owned radiation therapy department is not physically located within, or connected to, the hospital, i.e., a free standing center then the physician must be “Interruptible” and able to intervene “right away” when Medicare patients are being treated. If the hospital owned radiation therapy department is not physically located within, or connected to, the hospital, i.e., a free standing center then the physician must be “Interruptible” and able to intervene “right away” when Medicare patients are being treated. Free standing, non hospital owned centers are subject to this requirement Free standing, non hospital owned centers are subject to this requirement Summary of R128BP page 13 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

PORTAL-VISION IMAGES (ARIA-VARIAN) BLENDED IMAGES DRR PORTAL IMAGE 31 72/104 Privileged and Confidential Work Product – Subject to the Attorney – Client Privilege

This will be a session this morning covering section 10 Susan Vannoni Dr Bogardus Scott Simmons THIS SCHEDULE MAY BE MODIFIED DEPENDING UPON SPEAKER AVAILABILITY.

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This will be a session this morning covering section 10 Susan Vannoni Dr Bogardus Scott Simmons THIS SCHEDULE MAY BE MODIFIED DEPENDING UPON SPEAKER AVAILABILITY.

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Presentation on theme: "This will be a session this morning covering section 10 Susan Vannoni Dr Bogardus Scott Simmons THIS SCHEDULE MAY BE MODIFIED DEPENDING UPON SPEAKER AVAILABILITY."— Presentation transcript:

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