1. The Revolution Begins

2. Soldiers British Used to winning Well equipped Well fed Well trained
Patriot
Young soldiers, under 16
Little money or property
Low pay, harsh conditions, high chance of death
Could pay to have slave or someone else take your place

3. Minorities in the War
African Americans fight for both sides - British soldiers promise them freedom if they help their cause
Women (Patriots) = run farms and businesses, raising money for supplies, making clothes, messengers, nurses and spies.
Native Americans typically side with British

4. A Country Divided Tori/Loyalists Patriots ⅕ of the people are loyal
to the British
Mainly found in the South
and New York
⅖ of the people loyal to the Patriots
Mainly found in the New England colonies and Virginia

5. Advantages Patriots Best army and navy in world
British
Best army and navy in world
More soldiers + hessians
Superior weapons
Controlled major cities =
Boston and NYC
Richest nation in the world
Strong organized government
Patriots
Better leadership = Washington
Home field advantage
Guerrilla style warfare
Foreign aid from France, Spain and Holland
Motivation

6. Disadvantages British Patriots Distance - can take weeks to
months to get there
Gentlemen style warfare
Empire around the world to
worry about
Patriots
Had to start navy and army from scratch
No formal government to make decisions
Scarce supplies: money, clothing, food, guns, ammo

7. Early Strategies British Patriots Occupy coast - use their navy
Get more loyalists
Crush the army before they
gained momentum
Patriots
Score early victories
Which will gain more support - at home and abroad
Get support from Spain and France

8. Canada British Patriots
VICTORY # 1
Patriots
Leaders = Benedict Arnold and General Montgomery
Cities = Quebec and Montreal
Outcome: Montgomery wins Montreal in 1775 but he and Arnold lose Quebec. No chance of taking Canada.

10. New York British Leaders = General William Howe Year = 1776
Troops = 32,000
Outcome: Howe is able to push Washington and his troops back across the Hudson into New Jersey. British now control New York.
Only fought battle during the spring and summer. Didn’t have many battles. Lots of waiting around.

11. New York Patriots Leaders = General George Washington Year = 1776
Troops = 23,000
Outcome: General Washington and his troops get their butts kicked. They are pushed back into New Jersey.

12. Battle of Trenton and Princeton
Patriots
Leaders = Washington
Troops = 24,000
Outcome: Washington is able to take the Hessians by surprise at Trenton and defeat Cornwallis at Princeton. Thanks to the victory more Patriots enlist in the army and other re-enlisted.

13. Battle of Trenton and Princeton
British
Leader = Hessian soldiers and General Cornwallis
Year = December 25th, 1776 and January 2, 1777
Outcome: German mercenaries are caught unaware after celebrating Christmas and are defeated prisoners are taken. Cornwallis tries to defeat Washington at Princeton but is forced to flee.

14. Battle of Saratoga British
Leader = General John Burgoyne and General Howe
Year = 1776
Outcome: Burgoyne would invade from Canada and take Fort Ticonderoga back. Howe would sail up the Hudson and attack from the south. Howe instead took Philadelphia and Burgoyne was forced to surrender at Saratoga to Horatio Gates. TURNING POINT!

15. Battle of Saratoga

16. Battle of Saratoga Patriots Leaders = General Horatio Gates
Outcome: Patriots block Burgoyne’s path by funneling them into thick forest, cutting down trees and damming the rivers to create obstacles. Militia are able to use Guerilla warfare against them. France and Spain decide to help out!

17. French Assistance
Marquis de Lafayette - Frenchmen who brought his own troops, ship and money to help the Patriots.
France finally agrees to alliance - sends guns, money and ships.

18. Foreign Assistance
Baron Friedrich von Steuben - Prussian military officer. Led with fear and respect. Made the army a force by drilling them in basic military drills.
Bernardo de Galvez - small army of Spanish soldiers, French Americans, colonists and Native Americans to help in the South.

19. Valley Forge Patriots Leader = Washington Year = 1777 - 1778
Troops = 12,000
Outcome: Lack of supplies, food and shelter lead to the death of ¼ of the soldiers. Von Stueben drilled soldiers while they were waiting at Valley Forge.
Went into Valley Forge as farmers and those that survived left as soldiers.

20. War at Sea Patriots Leader = John Paul Jones
Outcome: America has to build navy from scratch. British have the best navy in the world. Instead of attacking directly, they attack their supplies. Get more ships from France and Spain.
Privateers = Privately owned ship that the government gives permission to attack an enemy’s merchant ship during war.

21. War in the West British Patriots Native Americans will usually
ally themselves with the British
because they promise them they
can keep their land.
Patriots
George Rogers Clark takes a group of men over the mountains and captures important forts and trading posts.

22. War in the South British Leader = General Henry Clinton
Year =
Outcome: Plan to use the Loyalists/Torie’s living in the South. Very brutal fighting. Britain sick of the war and want it to end. British take Georgia and then Charleston, South Carolina with minimal casualties. War is going in their favor.

23. War in the South Patriots
Leader = General Horatio Gates and General Nathanael Greene
Outcome: Gates fails to drive British out of S.C. To attack British troops start to use Guerrilla warfare in the South.
Francis Marion becomes known as the Swamp Fox
Rides around on horseback

24. Yorktown
Patriots
Leaders = General Washington, General Greene, Lafayette
Outcome: Greene’s army begins harassing Cornwallis in Carolina. Lafayette blocks Cornwallis at Yorktown. Washington comes down from Virginia. French naval fleet seized control of the Chesapeake Bay. Keep attacking for weeks.

25. Yorktown British Leader = General Cornwallis Year = October 19th, 1781
Outcome: British now control the South, New York and Philadelphia. Cornwallis moves 7,200 to Yorktown, VA. Unable to escape by land or sea. Must surrender to Washington along with 8,000 men. Last major battle of the war

26. Treaty of Paris 1783
Great Britain recognizes United States independence
New boundaries
W to Mississippi
N to Canada
S to Florida
Each side pays war debts.

27. Fate of the Loyalists Approximately 80,000 loyalists left America
4,000 African Americans leave for Canada
Many lost land, money and property