1. Authors Asst. Dr. Sirikul Chunsawang Collage of Engineering, Rangsit University, THAILAND. Asst. Dr. Sirirat Wongprakornkul Faculty of Science, Khon Kaen University, THAILAND. Title : Capsule Production from Chitosan

2. Introduction Chitosan is derived from chitin by removing and refining the acetyls through a process called deacetylation. unsaturated amino polysaccharide similar to cellulose which is plants fiber

4. Objectives 1. To prepare chitosan from prawn shells 3. To compare chitosan capsule with gelatin capsule 2. To prepare chitosan capsule

5. Methodology 1. preparation of chitin 2. preparation of chitosan 3. capsule production from chitosan 4. testing of chitosan and gelatin capsule properties.

6. prawn shells reduced protein 8%w NaOH 1:6 w/v 80-90 ๐ C 2-3 h reduced mineral 8%w HCl 1:6 w/v 25-30 ๐ C 24 h 1. preparation of chitin 150g 300  m – 1.18mm 250g 1.18mm - 2.36mm 300g 2.36mm – 4.75mm

7. chitin deacetylation 50%w NaOH 1:10 w/v 90-120 ๐ C 4-5 h Compared with std Sigma – Aldrich 2. preparation of chitosan

8. 3. capsule production from chitosan Chitosan Viscous solution 0.1M acetic acid 0.1:5 w/v capsule Thai Industrial Standards of solid gelatin capsule, (TIS 913-2532)

9. 4. testing of chitosan and gelatin capsule properties. Thai Industrial Standards of solid gelatin capsule, (TIS 913-2532) size and size error of capsule moisture resistance dissociation moisture content ash content.

10. Results & Discussion chitinchitosan The color of chitosan is white & transparent, crisp flake %yield= 24-30

11. Ami de CO C C – O NH 2 Tranmittance of standard chitosan from Sigma Aldrich

12. CO C NH 2 Ami de C – O CO C Transmittance of chitosan

13. Particle sizeAsh content (%) 300  m -1.18 mm 0.399 1.18 mm – 2.36 mm0.496 2.36 mm - 4.75 mm0.896 Ash content of chitosan Ash content of standard chitosan from Sigma Aldrich equal to o.5%

14. (left) Gelatin capsule (right) Chitosan capsule

15. Testing No. (gelatin) Length (mm)Mass (mg) one size of capsule other size of capsule closed capsule 116.7010.5021.7076.60 216.7410.5021.7579.80 316.7010.5821.7576.30 416.7510.5221.7275.20 516.7510.5521.7076.50 Avg16.7310.5321.7276.88 size of gelatin capsule

16. size of chitosan capsule Testing No. (chitosan) Length (mm)Mass (mg) one size of capsule other size of capsule closed capsule 116.7510.5521.7555.80 216.7210.5021.7060.20 316.7010.5221.7052.20 416.7510.5521.7054.80 516.7410.5821.7557.10 Average16.7310.5421.7256.02

17. Result of size and size error of capsule For statistical analysis, the t-test was raised to perform. We found that both chitosan capsule and gelatin capsule are not significant. One side of capsule with p-value = 0.799 Other side of capsule with p-value = 0.644 closed capsule with p-value = 0.799 Mass of chitosan capsule is lighter than gelatin capsule.

18. Result of moisture resistance Chitosan capsule is more durable than gelatin capsule when we kept into water at 25 ๐ c for 15 min.

19. Result of dissociation of capsule Both gelatin and chitosan capsules were kept into water pH 7 at 37  2 ๐ C and detected time when they were dissociated retesting again by kept into acetic acid at difference concentration: pH 2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 respectively.

20. TypespH Time (min) average (min) No. 1No.2No.3 gelatin711 1010.67 chitosan7not chitosan6not chitosan5not chitosan4not chitosan3230240238236 chitosan2165169180171.33

21. Result of moisture content gelatin and chitosan capsule had average moisture contents 15.138% and 19.703% Result of ash content of capsule ash content of gelatin capsule 1.302% ash content of chitosan capsule 1.123%

22. Conclusion 150 g of 300  m - 1.18 mm produce 36 g of chitosan 250 g of 1.18 mm - 2.36 mm produce 60 g of chitosan 300 g of 2.36 mm.- 4.75 mm produce 72 g of chitosan (24-30%yield) Chitosan capsule is resistance to moisture and dissociate in pH 2 to 3 solution which is the suitable pH in stomach.

23. Acknowledgement Kingfisher holding Ltd. Rangsit University

24. Thank you for your attention.