1. Solar Geysers – a CDM perspective TATA BP Solar case study

2. The Facts It is estimated that nearly 5 Lakh homes in Bangalore city alone consume 3 million units of power every day between 6 AM & 9AM for water heating alone. 32.8 Million MW of solar energy strikes Indian landscape every second

3. Solar Water Heaters

6. Schematic – Two tank system

7. The panel

8. Performance of SWH Weather and Seasonal Changes in the Sun Path Collector Orientation for optimal performance – year round Maintenance (Scaling, Transparency etc.)

9. Solar- Path

10. Sectors Industrial Hospitals Domestic Sector Hotels Hostels

11. SWH Global Scenario China4,000,000 India2,000,000 Japan1,000,000 Europe890,000 South Korea500,000 Turkey430,000 Israel400,000 USA25,000 In square meters of collectors installed

12. Indian Scenario

13. GHG emission reduction An effective DSM tool 1000 Domestic water heaters shaves about 1 MW of peak load Most of peak power is fossil fuel based Replaces electrical counterpart (at least partially)

14. TATA BP Solar India Limited A case study

15. The Company Leading solar equipment manufacturer in India Sales turnover 1900 Million during 2001

16. Sales Record

17. Solar Geysers In different sizes 100 – 10,000 LPD Applications Bathing Medicinal bathing Boiler feed Process heating Pool heating, washing, cooking

18. CDM- Assumptions Solar geysers will replace electrical counterparts Current market growth will sustain for 3 years and later at 10% annum Major policy changes NOT expected (espl. In –ve direction) Reduced selling price on geyser will enhance the market adoption rate KP Ratification & Enforcement

19. Additionality Investment Barrier YES Technology Barrier not obvious Prevailing practice YES Market adoption rate YES

20. Baseline methodology I.C 12b SSC-PDD Different Baseline & M&V for domestic and Commercial & Industrial systems Domestic Systems To be bundled to reduce m&V costs Weighed average emission of the peak load generation mix (meth to be recommended)

21. Baseline methodology contd.. Industrial Systems Displaces Diesel generated electricity than grid electricity – generation mix at the grid level is unfair Commercial Systems Bundling is necessary Current generation mix of the grid

22. Monitoring & Verification Recording annually No. of systems Operating Estimating the annual hrs. of operation

23. Unresolved Uncertainties of base line Change in usage pattern of hot water Climatic condition (monsoon, depression etc) Solar intensity on ground (reduced 10% in last few decade) Asian brown haze ? Maintenance = Performance Can be substantiated by buffer calculations (meth recommendation ?) Annual targets are difficult to meet