1. Order Carnivora Family Felidae Large canines No diastema Claws retractile Flat face Lynx rufus

2. Lynx rufus Bobcat By: Natalie Hedlund

3. Identification: Reddish brown to grayish brown; irregular dark spots; venter whitish; tail tip black dorsally, white ventrally; black tuffs and white spot on ears Distribution: Statewide http://www.iowadnr.com/wildlife/files/bob cat.html Lynx rufus

4. http://pelotes.jea.com/bobcat.htm Habitat: bottomland forests; live in underbrush, timber cover, rock outcroppings allow rivers and streams Diet: small mammals- mice, voles, squirrels, and rabbits; birds; sometimes a young deer; occasionally invertebrates

5. Lynx rufus http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.e du/site/resources/david_behrens/11 35327.Bobcat.jpg/view.html Reproduction: mating occurs around February to March; Gestation about 62 days; one litter of 1to 4 annually; young remain with mother for a year Conservation State: common Southwest Iowa, uncommon in all rest of Iowa 1977- Endangered 2001- Threatened August 2003- off threatened list

6. Lynx rufus http://animaldiversity.ummz.umic h.edu/site/resources/corel_cd/bo bcat.jpg/view.html Other: - Nocturnal - Lifespan: Wild 12-14 years Captivity 32 years -Smallest native North American cat

7. References Iowa Department of Natural Resources. Bobcat. Available at http://www.iowadnr.com/wildlife/files/bobcat.html. November 2004. Jones, J.K, Jr. and E.C. Birney. 1988. Handbook of Mammals of the North-central States. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. Kays, R.W. and D.E. Wilson. 2002. The Mammals of North America. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.

8. Felis catus Domestic Cat By: Natalie Hedlund

9. Felis catus Identification: pelage varies in color; Total Length < 70cm; Long tail ( more than twice the length of hind foot); retractable claws (sometimes no claws); 30 different Breeds Distribution: Statewide Habitat: Homes, Buildings http://www.geocities.com/feliscatus_m y/pgallery1.htm

10. Felis catus Diet: commercial food, rodents, birds Reproduction: Four litters of 1 to 4 kittens annually; gestation 63 days; born blind and deaf; lifespan 12 to 15 years Conservation Status: Abundant http://www.geocities.com/feliscatu s_my/pgallery4.htm

11. Felis catus Other: Descendants of the wild cat (Felis silvestris libyca) The wild cat originated in Africa and Southwest Asia Domesticated in 1500 BC in ancient Egypt http://www.geocities.com/feliscatus_my/p gallery.htm

12. Felis catus Have 30 spinal vertebrae ( five more than humans) External ear can rotate up to 180 degrees Heart beat 110 – 140 times/ minute Body temperature is 101degrees Fahrenheit http://www.geocities.com/feliscat us_my/pgallery.htm

13. References Animal Planet. Cat Guide. Available at http://animal.discovery.com/guides/cats/cats.html. November 2004. Explorit Science Center. About Cats. Available at http://www.explorit.org/science/cats.html. November 2004. The Humane Society of the United States. Cat. Available at http://www.hsus.org/ace/12221. November 2004.

14. Felis concolor Mountain Lion By Mandie Riha http:/ www.vanishingspecies.net/animals/cougar/gallery/image-85.html

15. Identification Felis concolor Large and slender with small head and very long tail Light brown (can look gray or black) 30 teeth http:/ www.vanishingspecies.net/animals/cougar/gallery/image-29.html

16. Identification Felis concolor Body length: 3-4 ft (1800- 2700mm) Tail: 2.5-3 ft (750- 900mm) Height: 25-30 in Weight: Male: 140-160Ib, Female: 90-110Ib Hind Foot: 10.5-11in (260-280mm) www.av.gnet.com/~saddleup/cougarpictures.htm

17. Distribution Felis concolor From Canada to South America Once in all North America now western US, Western Canada and Mexico South Florida Iowa Loess Hills http://wwwmdc.mo.gov/nathis/mammals/milion.reference

18. Habitat Felis concolor Dense cover or rocky, rugged terrain Low human habitation Dense swamps Seek shelter in rocky crevices, hollow trees, bank holes, tall grass, or under brush No bedding for nests http://www.scottrose.com/cougars.php?bigpic =coug21.jpg&id=24&target=19 http://www.av.gnet.com/~saddleup/cougar pictures.htm

19. Diet Felis concolor Carnivores Don’t eat large prey all at one setting Avoid spoiled meats Will feed on livestock and domestic dogs http://www.desertusa.com/magnov97/n ov_pap/du_collpecc.html http://www.whitetails.com/ http://www.scs.k12.ar.us/2000texnathist/tex asnathist/members/boyersm/default.htm

20. Reproduction Felis Concolor Mom gets food for kits till 2 months old Kits lose spots slowly Kits stay with mom 2yrs Kits may stay together after leave mom Breed after 2.5 to 3 years Have young 2yr intervals Young born any month (peak June) 1-6 kits/litter Kits born blind and weigh 1Ib Kits buff spotted with black with rings of brown on tail http:/ www.vanishingspecies.net/animals/cougar/gallery/www.vanishingspecies.net/animals/cougar/gallery/ image-26.html

21. Conservation Status Felis concolor Not located in Iowa Endangered in S. Florida Endangered throughout their range

22. Other Information Felis concolor Climb trees Can swim Stalk prey 50ft away Live in family units Solitary except when mating Nocturnal Live 12 yr wild Main enemy=man Fur little value to man Meat is edible http:/ www.vanishingspecies.net/animals/cougar/www.vanishingspecies.net/animals/cougar/ gallery/image-48.html

23. Any Questions? http://www.scottrose.com/cougars.php?bigpic=cougar23.jpg&id=26&target=26

24. References Jones,J.K, Jr. and E.C. Birney. 1988. Handbook of Mammals of the North-central States. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis MDC.Online. Mountain Lion (Felis concolor). Available at http://mdc.mo.gov/nathis/mammals/milion/reference/. August 2004http://mdc.mo.gov/nathis/mammals/milion/reference/ Texas Parks and Wildlife. Mountain Lion. Available at http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/nature/wild/mammals/mountai nlion/. February 2004 http://www.tpwd.state.tx.us/nature/wild/mammals/mountai nlion/

25. Order Artiodactyla Family Cervidae Large bodies with hooves Head not massive Antlers (males – shed annually) Odocoileus virginianus

26. Odocoileus virginianus White-tailed Deer Patty Morgan www.enature.com

27. Odocoileus virginianus: White-tailed Deer Identification: Reddish brown in summer, gray/brown in winter, white throat, eye and nose rings, white ventrally including tail Males 40-140 kg, antlered Females 30-90 kg, no antlers Young have white spots www.americazoo.com

28. Odocoileus virginianus: White-tailed Deer White-tailed deer have smaller ears, larger tail with no black tip, antlers divided differently www.eco-online.qld.edu www.acriticaldecision.org Mule DeerWhite-tailed Deer

29. Odocoileus virginianus: White-tailed Deer Distribution: Southern Canada throughout U.S., except Southwest Found throughout Iowa Habitat: Wooded areas near clearings http://sevilleta.umn.edu

30. Odocoileus virginianus: White-tailed Deer Diet: Herbivores- green vegetation, nuts, corn, twigs and buds Reproduction: Breed in November, 1-3 young, born after 6 months Female young stay with mother for 2 years www.enature.com

31. Odocoileus virginianus: White-tailed Deer In Iowa: half of female deer will breed within first year, most adults have two young, triplets becoming more common Conservation Status: abundant, population increasing Two sub-species are endangered www.wildcaremarin.org

32. Odocoileus virginianus: White-tailed Deer Other: Nation wide annually- 726,000 deer killed in car accidents 211 human fatalities $1 billion damage In Iowa annually- 13,000+accidents $27 million in damage www.ohdeer.net

33. Odocoileus virginianus: White-tailed Deer Other cont’d: $76,848,482 annually from deer hunters 90% of population would survive w/out hunting Carry ticks-Lyme disease www.whitetailhunter.com

34. References eNature.com. National Wildlife Federation. Available at http://www.enature.com. October 2004. Jones, J.K, Jr. and E.C. Birney. 1998. Handbook of Mammals of the North-central States. University of Minnesota Press, Minneaopolis. Kays, R.W. and D.E. Wilson. 2002. The Mammals of North America. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. Natureworks. New Hampshire Public television. Available at http://www.nhptv.org/natureworks/whitetaileddeer.htm#3. November 2004. OhDeer.net. Oh Deer Inc. Available at http://www.ohdeer.net/html/ohdeer.html. November 2004. Suchy, Willie. “Evaluating the Results of the 2003/2004 deer season.” Iowa Department of Natural Resources.

35. Odocoileus hemionus Mule deer Order Artiodactyla Family Cervidae By Kim Schaefer http://monstermuleys.com

36. Odocoileus hemionus Identification: dorsum reddish brown in new summer coat, but changes to pale brown and grayish in winter. Grayish white rump patch; venter whitish; long ears; small, black-tipped tail; white throat patch; dichotomously branching antlers Total length: 1.2-1.8m Tail: 13-22 cm Weight: 30-120 kg http://www.junglewalk.com/photos/Deer-pictures.asp Mule DeerWhite-tailed Deer

37. Odocoileus hemionus Distribution: western IA Habitat: forests, grasslands, mountains -prefers mixed habitat of open areas for feeding and brushy areas for protection Diet: herbivorous http://www.junglewalk.com/photos/Deer-pictures.asp

38. Odocoileus hemionus Reproduction: breed from Oct. to Dec. -200-208 days gestation -1 to 3 fawns born in spring -usually twins Conservation status: uncommon -most likely wanderers -currently no breeding populations in IA http://www.cattoorphotography.com

39. Odocoileus hemionus Other: -longevity 10-20 years in wild -crepuscular and nocturnal -run with stiff-legged gait (stotting) and tail down -prone to internal and external parasites -diseases such as Chronic Wasting Disease, foot- and-mouth disease, brucellosis among others http://www.ukans.edu/~mammals/odo- hemionus.html

40. References: Odocoileus hemionus Animal Diversity Web. Odocoileus hemionus. Availiable at http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Odocoile us_hemionus.html. November 2004. http://animaldiversity.ummz.umich.edu/site/accounts/information/Odocoile us_hemionus.html Wildlife in Iowa. Availiable at http://www.iowadnr.com/education/wldresbs.html#status. November 2004. http://www.iowadnr.com/education/wldresbs.html#status Wind Cave National Park. Mule Deer- Odocoileus hemionus. Availiable at http://www.nps.gov/wica/Mule_Deer.html. November 2004. http://www.nps.gov/wica/Mule_Deer.html Jones, J. K. Jr. and E.C. Birney. 1988. Handbook of Mammals of the North- central States. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. Kays, R.W. and D.E. Wilson. 2002. The Mammals of North America. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey.

41. Order Artiodactyla Family Bovidae Large body with hooves Head massive Horns in both sexes Bison bison http://www.dlia.org

42. Order Artiodactyla: Family Bovidae http://www.nps.gov/yell/nature/animals/bison/bison.html

43. Bison bison: American Bison Kelly Redding Identification: Large bovid (having hollow unbranched horns); massive forequarters; large head; distinctive hump; brown wooly pelage,; horns present in both sexes Lifespan: 15-25 years http://www.montana.edu/~wwwcbs/

44. Bison bison Distribution: captivity only Habitat: mixed and short grass prairies, woodlands Diet: green plants, drinks water once a day Black Walnut http://www.tallgrass.org/buffalo2.html

45. Bison bison Reproduction: Single calf born in May or June Conservation status: Extirpated from Iowa, only in captivity now Other: Known to have calves at 30 years old; last Bison sighted in Iowa in Dickinson County in 1870; numbered an estimated 20 million to 30 million approximately 250,000 left today; 16,000 roam in the wild

46. References: Sciurus niger Jones, J.K., Jr. and E.C. Birney. 1988. Handbook of Mammals of the North-Central States. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis. Kays, R.W. and D.E. Wilson. 2002. The Mammals of North America. Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey. “North American Wildlife”, editor Susan J. Wernert. Reader’s Digest Association. Pleasantville, NY. 1982. Dinsmore, James J. 1994. A Country So Full Of Game. University of Iowa Press. Iowa City, Iowa.

47. References cont. Neal Smith Wildlife Refuge. Available at http://www.tallgrass.org/buffalo2.html. October 2004. http://www.tallgrass.org/buffalo2.html Kids Planet Available at http://www.kidsplanet.org/factsheets/bison.html Montana State University. Available at http://www.montana.edu/~wwwcbs/ http://www.montana.edu/~wwwcbs/ Yellowstone National Park. Available at http://www.nps.gov/yell/nature/animals/bison/bison.html