1. 20803820 English for Computer Science Lecture 8

2. English-Chinese Translation (2)  Challenges in E-C CS Translation  Tackling the Challenges  Translation Practice

3. Challenges in E-C CS Translation  New terms and names  Non-finite verb structure  Clauses  Passives  Embedding structure

4. Challenges in E-C CS Translation  Examples Twitter can remain the simple and incredibly useful tool that it is without trying to replicate Instagram. In research systems, the light is projected from below, allowing the resin to be quickly spread into uniform thin layers, reducing production time from hours to minutes. In 3D printing, additive processes are used, in which successive layers of material are laid down under computer control.

5. Challenges in E-C CS Translation  Examples Such a network is said to follow the end to end principle in that those applications are set up between end peripheral devices with no control being exercised by the network. Paraskevakos, working with Boeing in Huntsville, Alabama, demonstrated a transmitter and receiver that provided additional ways to communicate with remote equipment, however it did not yet have general purpose PDA applications in a wireless device typical of smartphones.

6. Tackling the Challenges  New Terms and Name  Meaning translation IOT: 物 联 网 Facebook: 脸书  Sound translation Twitter: 推特 Yahoo: 雅虎  Meaning + Sound translation WWW: 万 维 网 hacker: 黑客  Keeping the original Python: Python 语 言 Instagram: 图 片分享 （ Instagram ）

7. Tackling the Challenges  Non-Finite Verb Structure Based on this finding, recent researchers attempt to separate an image into regions or objects which can be described more accurately using local information and combined features. 基于 这 种 发现， 最近 ， 研究者 试图 将一个 图 像分割成区域或物体 ， 这样 便可以利用局部信息和 组 合特征将 图 像描述得更加准确 。

8. In-Class Exercise  Translate the sentence on a previous page. Pay attention to the logical connection when translating the non-finite verb structures. In research systems, the light is projected from below, allowing the resin to be quickly spread into uniform thin layers, reducing production time from hours to minutes.

9. Tackling the Challenges  Clauses Some written languages such as Chinese, Japanese and Thai do not have single-word boundaries either, so any significant text parsing usually requires the identification of word boundaries, which is often a non-trivial task. 一些文字 ， 如中文 、 日文和泰文 ， 也没有字 词 的 边 界 ， 所以任何重 要的文本分析通常需要 识 别 词 的 边 界 ，这项 工作往往并不 简单。

10. Tackling the Challenges  Passives The Semantic Web is an evolving extension of the World Wide Web in which web content can be expressed not only in natural language, but also in a format that can be read and used by automated tools. 语义 网是 对 万 维 网的延伸和 扩 展 。 在 语义 网中 ， 其内容不 仅 可以用 自然 语 言来表示 ， 而且表达 为 一种可以被自 动 化工具 读 和用的格式 。

11. Tackling the Challenges  Embedding Structure In computer and information science, ontology is a technical term denoting an artifact that is designed for a purpose, which is to enable the modeling of knowledge about some domain, real or imagined. 在 计 算机和信息科学中 ， 本体 这 个技 术术语 指的是一种人造物件 ， 设计 它的目的是 为 了能够 对 某个真 实 或虚 拟领 域的知 识进 行建模 。

12. Translation Practice

13. “ ” Translation is one of the few human activities in which the impossible occurs by principle. See you next time. Mariano Antolín Rato