1. MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008 Server Administration (Exam #70-646) Chapter 1 Introduction to Windows Server 2008

2. MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 2 Learning Objectives Identify the key features of each Windows Server 2008 edition Understand client systems that can be used with Windows Server 2008 Identify important general features of Windows Server 2008 Plan a Windows Server 2008 networking model Understand and implement networking protocols used by Windows Server 2008

3. Windows Server 2008 Platforms Different styles of operating systems –For different business needs Eight versions: –Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition –Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition –Windows Web Server 2008 –Windows Server 2008 Datacenter Edition –Windows Server 2008 for Itanium-Based Systems –Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition without Hyper-V MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 3

4. Windows Server 2008 Platforms (cont’d.) –Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition without Hyper-V –Windows Server 2008 Datacenter Edition without Hyper-V MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 4

5. Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition Most basic server version Basis for other versions Everyday needs of small to large businesses Used on x86 and x64 computers Supports: –File and print sharing –Essential network services –Application and other sharing –Multiprocessor computers Symmetric multiprocessor (SMP) (see next slide) MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 5

6. Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition (cont’d.) SMP - a multiprocessor computer hardware architecture where two or more identical processors are connected to a single shared main memory and are controlled by a single OS instance.multiprocessor main memory Compatible with Microsoft.NET Framework and Microsoft Visual Studio.NET Hyper-V –Virtualization environment –Cuts cost by using fewer computers –Only runs on x64 computers MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 6

7. Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition (cont’d.) MULTITHREADING The ability of an operating system to execute different parts of a program, called threads, simultaneously. The programmer must carefully design the program in such a way that all the threads can run at the same time without interfering with each other.operating systemexecuteprogramprogrammerrun

8. Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition Intended for midsized and large organizations with scaling needs Supports x86 and x64 Enables clustering –Links two or more computers systems to provide fail- safe services Supports hot-add memory –Can add RAM without shutting down Fault tolerant memory sync Provides Microsoft Metadirectory Services, replaced by Microsoft Identity Integration Server. MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 8

9. Microsoft Identity Integration Server (MIIS) is an identity management (IdM) product offered by Microsoft. It is a service that aggregates identity-related information from multiple data-sources. The goal of MIIS is to provide organizations with a unified view of a user's/resources identity across the heterogeneous enterprise and provide methods to automate routine tasks. MIIS manages information by retrieving identity information from the connected data sources and storing the information in the connector space as connector space objects or CSEntry objects. The CSEntry objects are then mapped to entries in the metaverse called metaverse objects or MVEntry objects. This architecture allows data from dissimilar connected data sources to be mapped to the same MVEntry object. All back-end data is stored in Microsoft SQL Server. For example, through the metaverse an organization's e-mail system can be linked to its human resources database to the organization's PBX system to any other data repository containing relevant user information. Each employee's attributes from the e-mail system and the human resources database are imported into the connector space through respective management agents. The e-mail system can then link to individual attributes from the employee entry, such as the employee telephone number. If an employee's telephone number changes, the new telephone number will automatically be propagated to the e- mail system.PBX One of the goals of the identity management is to establish and support authoritative source of information for every known attribute and to preserve data integrity according to predetermined business rules. On IdM market of products MIIS stands out by implementing state-based architecture. The majority of competitors are offering transaction-based products. Due to this approach MIIS requires no software/drivers/agents/shims being installed on the target system.

10. MIIS has its origins in two Canadian companies' products, Linkage Software's metadirectory product LinkAge Directory Echange (LDE) which Microsoft acquired on June 30, 1997 and Zoomit Corporation's metadirectory product, Via, which Microsoft acquired on July 7, 1999. LDE was strongly email system oriented but traces of it and its field mapping technology remain through MIIS 2003. After acquiring Zoomit Via Microsoft renamed it to MMS (Microsoft Metadirectory Services) and offered this product for free; however they will strongly encourage customers to hire Microsoft Consulting Services to install and configure product. Microsoft Identity Integration Server 2003 was completely re-written from ground up. No original Zoomit Via code was moved into MIIS. However Microsoft preserved methodology and original idea of the Via product. MIIS 2003 no longer uses ZScript (proprietary scripting language of Zoomit Via), instead it offered.NET framework support. With this upgrade Microsoft did not offer a migration path from MMS to MIIS due to the significant differences in the products. Currently Service Pack 2 is available for MIIS 2003. IIFP is a slimmed-down version of MIIS that is limited to synchronization between AD, ADAM, and exchange datastores. MIIS 2003 was recently (Fall 2007) incorporated into a new offering called Identity Lifecycle Manager 2007. This product was announced at the RSA Conference in February 2007 and made available to customers in May 2007. Identity Lifecycle Manager 2007 includes not only the original MIIS 2003 product, but also a component called Certificate Lifecycle Manager (CLM) which is used to manage X.509 digital certificate and smart card issuance.

11. Part of the Microsoft Identity and Access Management platform product line, FIM superseded Microsoft Identity Lifecycle Manager (ILM),[1] and was known as ILM 2 during development. ILM 2007 was created by merging Microsoft Identity Integration Server 2003 (MIIS) and Certificate Lifecycle Manager (CLM). Microsoft Forefront Identity Manager (FIM) is a state-based identity management software product, designed to manage users' digital identities, credentials and groupings throughout the lifecycle of their membership of an enterprise computer system. FIM integrates with Active Directory and Exchange Server to provide identity synchronization, certificate management, user password resets and user provisioning from a single interface. FIM 2010 R2 (Release 2) was released in June 2012 and has extra capabilities: -Improved Self-service Password Reset which supports all current web browsers -Role Based Access Control (RBAC) via the acquisition of BHOLD Software -Improvement to the Reporting engine via the System Center Service Manager and MS SQL Server reporting Services (SSRS) -A Web Services Connector to connect to SAP ECC 5/6, Oracle PeopleSoft, and Oracle eBusiness -Improvements in the areas of performance, simplified deployment and troubleshooting, better documentation, and more language support.[1]Microsoft Identity Integration ServerCertificate Lifecycle Manageridentity managementActive DirectoryExchange ServerRole Based Access ControlBHOLD

12. Windows Web Server 2008 Designed for hosting and deploying Web services and applications Supports x86 and x64 computers Cannot be used to manage directory resources via hosting Active Directory MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 12

13. Windows Server 2008 Datacenter Edition Designed for: –Environments with mission-critical applications –Very large databases –Information access requiring high availability Support for clustering with up to 16 computers RAM capabilities identical to Enterprise Edition MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 13

14. Windows Server 2008 for Itanium- Based Systems Itanium processor –64-bit processor that allows more instructions per processor cycle than typical x86 and x64 processors 2TB maximum RAM Supports: –Hot-add memory, processor –Hot-replace processor –SMP Intended for resource-intensive applications MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 14

15. Windows Server 2008 Versions Without Hyper-V Non-Hyper-V versions: –Windows Server 2008 Standard Edition without Hyper-V –Windows Server 2008 Enterprise Edition without Hyper-V –Windows Server 2008 Datacenter Edition without Hyper-V Small cost savings Steps to access virtual server in Microsoft Hyper-V MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 15

16. Windows Server 2008 Versions Without Hyper-V (cont’d.) Activity 1-1: Determining the Windows Server 2008 Edition (computer properties to view) MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 16 Figure 1-2 Viewing information about the Windows Server 2008 system Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning

17. Using Windows Server 2008 with Client Systems Client –Accesses resources on another computer via a network or direct cable connection –i.e.Terminal services Workstation –Has its own central processing unit (CPU) –Can be used as a stand-alone or network computer Total cost of ownership (TCO) –Full cost of owning a network –Using Windows Server 2008 and Windows Vista or Windows 7 reduces TCO MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 17

18. Using Windows Server 2008 with Client Systems (cont’d.) Domain –Grouping of network objects, such as computers, servers, and user accounts, managed under a single domain name. (a security boundary) Windows 7 –Ideal for networking –Advantages and new features Active Directory –Database of computers, users, groups of users, shared printers, shared folders, and other network resources, MANAGED under a single domain name –MULTI MASTER REPLICATION (replication between domain controllers, there is no “primary” DC ) MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 18

19. Using Windows Server 2008 with Client Systems (cont’d.) Subsystem for UNIX-based Applications (SUA) –Windows Server 2008 support for UNIX and Linux clients MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 19

20. Windows Server 2008 Features Server Manager Security Clustering Enhanced Web services Windows Server Core Windows PowerShell Virtualization Reliability Multitasking and multithreading MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 20

21. Server Manager Manage configuration from one tool Uses of Server Manager: –View computer configuration information –Change properties of a system –View network connections –Configure Remote Desktop –Configure security MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 21

22. Server Manager Uses of Server Manager (cont’d.): –Configure security –Configure server roles –Add and remove features –Run diagnostics –Manage storage and backup MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 22

23. Security Network Access Protection (NAP) –Umbrella of security protection features –Capabilities Security implemented by default Security Configuration Wizard (SCW) –Simplifies security configuration Other basic security features MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 23

24. Clustering and Clustering Tools Testing Migrate configuration settings Quick configuration and troubleshooting Storage configuration Performance and reliability Security MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 24

25. Enhanced Web Services Microsoft Internet Information Services (IIS) –Enhanced security –Easier application of patches –Easier for programmers to write and configure Web applications –Better management tools: IIS Manager MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 25

26. Windows Server Core Minimum server configuration Advantages: –No GUI overhead –Less disk space and memory needed –Smaller attack surface Interact with server via command line MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 26

27. Windows PowerShell Command-line interface that offers a shell Perform common administration tasks Use cmdlets –130 command line-tools Scripting language WIN213 COURSE MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 27

28. Windows PowerShell (cont’d.) MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 28 Figure 1-3 Using Windows PowerShell for a directory listing Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning

29. Virtualization Using Hyper-V Capabilities: –Compatible with clustering –Able to handle up to a four-processor SMP computer –Can be used with Windows and Linux operating systems –Compatible with different types of disk storage methods –Enables fast migration from one computer to another –Can house 64-bit and 32-bit operating systems MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 29

30. Reliability Kernel runs in privileged mode –Core programs; computer code of operating system –Extra level of security Protected processes –Computer program or portion of program –Protects premature interruption Management features: –Server Manager –Wizards –Windows Reliability and Performance Monitor MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 30

31. Reliability (cont’d.) Activity 1-2: Viewing Running Processes –Objective: View the processes running in Windows Server 2008 MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 31

32. Multitasking and Multithreading Multitasking –Ability to run two or more programs at the same time Multithreading –Capability of programs written to run several program code blocks at the same time –Preemptive multitasking is the act of temporarily interrupting a task being carried out by a computer system, without requiring its cooperation, and with the intention of resuming the task at a later time. Such a change is known as a context switch. It is normally carried out by a privileged task or part of the system known as a preemptive scheduler, which has the power to preempt, or interrupt, and later resume, other tasks in the system. taskcomputer systemcontext switch privilegedscheduler MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 32

33. MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 33 Figure 1-4 Using Task Manager to view running processes Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning Multitasking and Multithreading (cont’d.)

34. Planning a Windows Server 2008 Networking Model Network –Communication system –Enables computer users to share equipment, software, data, and transmissions Peer-to-peer networking –Spreads resource administration among server and nonserver members of network –Used by small businesses Server-based networking –Centralizes network administration on servers –Used by medium and large networks MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 34

35. Planning a Windows Server 2008 Networking Model (cont’d.) MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 35 Figure 1-5 Networking across continents Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning

36. Peer-to-Peer Networking One of the simplest ways to configure a network No special computer needed Disadvantages: –Network management decentralized –Security is responsibility of each user –Less effective as number of workstations exceeds 10 Activity 1-3: Determining if a Computer Is in a Domain or a Workgroup –Objective: Discover if a particular computer is in a domain or a workgroup MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 36

37. Server-Based Networking Server –Single server can act as file and print server, Web server, network administration server, database server, e-mail server –Can handle many users at once Advantages –Single log on –Stronger security –Sharing of files and resources –E-mail server MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 37

38. Server-Based Networking (cont’d.) Advantages (cont’d.) –Software applications are shared –Databases are managed and secured –Easier backups –Resource sharing can be customized –Software updates quicker and easier to install MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 38

39. Server-Based Networking (cont’d.) MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 39 Figure 1-7 A server-based network Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning

40. Protocols for the Windows Server 2008 Networking Model YOU WILL LEARN ABOUT THIS IN OTHER COURSES – THE OSI MODEL (in DCN 286, Open Systems Interconnection ) Protocol sets guidelines for: –Data formatting into packets and frames –Data transmission –Interpretation of packets and frames Packets and frames –Units of data transmitted from a sending computer to a receiving computer MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 40

41. Protocols for the Windows Server 2008 Networking Model (cont’d.) Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) –Suite of protocols and utilities that support communication across LANs and the Internet Local area network (LAN) –Network of computers in relatively close proximity TCP/IP used for several reasons MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 41

42. Transmission Control Protocol Provides for reliable end-to-end delivery of data by controlling data flow Connection-oriented communication –Ensures that packets are delivered in correct sequence with accurate contents –Extensible TCP/IP tools installed with the protocol. –They aid in troubleshooting and testing connectivity. –i.e. ping, ipconfig MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 42

43. Internet Protocol Provides network addressing –Ensures data packets quickly reach the correct destination Versions –Internet Protocol Version 4 (IPv4) Used on most networks –Internet Protocol Version 6 (IPv6) Router (default gateway) –Connects networks MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 43

44. MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 44 Figure 1-8 A router forwarding packets to a designated network Courtesy of Course Technology/Cengage Learning

45. Internet Protocol (cont’d.) IP addressing –Dotted decimal notation –32 bits long –Four fields –Example: 10000001.00000101.00001010.01100100 or 129.5.10.100 Unicast –One packet is sent from a server to each client on request Multicast –Packet is sent to all clients as a group MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 45

46. Internet Protocol (cont’d.) Broadcast –Sends communication to all points on network Subnet mask –Used to show class of addressing and to divide network into subnets IP address considerations –Network number 127.0.0.0 cannot be assigned to any network –Private addresses reserved for Network Address Translation (NAT) –Cannot assign highest network number to a host MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 46

47. MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 47 Figure 1-9 Unicasting, broadcasting, and multicasting Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning

48. Internet Protocol (cont’d.) Activity 1-4: Testing for IP Address and Connectivity –Objective: Practice using the Windows Server 2008 Command Prompt window with the pathping and tracert commands Internet Protocol version 6 –Overcomes limitations of IPv4 –128-bit address capability –Single address associated with multiple network interfaces –IP extension headers MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 48

49. Internet Protocol (cont’d.) Static addressing –Assign permanent IP address –Gives consistency for monitoring –Can be laborious for large networks Dynamic addressing –IP address assigned during logon –Uses the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 49

50. Internet Protocol (cont’d.) Default gateway –IP address of the router that has a connection to other networks Name resolution –Domain Name System (DNS) translates domain and computer names to IP addresses NetBIOS names –Windows Internet Naming Service (WINS) server resolves NetBIOS names to IP addresses Host names –Dynamic Domain Name System (DDNS) MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 50

51. Physical Addresses and the Address Resolution Protocol Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) –Acquire the physical addresses associated with a computer’s network interface card (NIC) Media access control (MAC) address –Physical address of NIC TCP/IP relies on both IP addresses and MAC addresses Activity 1-5: Using Sample Utilities for IP Address and Connectivity Testing –Objective: Practice using the Windows Server 2008 Command Prompt window and ARP command MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 51

52. MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 52 Figure 1-11 Using ARP to query the MAC address Courtesy Course Technology/Cengage Learning

53. Implementing TCP/IP in Windows Server 2008 Tasks –Verify TCP/IP enabled –Configure TCP/IP MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 53

54. Enabling TCP/IP TCP/IP –Only protocol installed by default when you install Windows Server 2008 Activity 1-6: Verifying TCP/IP Is Enabled –Objective: Ensure that TCP/IP is enabled in Windows Server 2008 MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 54

55. Configuring TCP/IP Choose static or dynamic addressing Activity 1-7: Configuring TCP/IP for Static Addressing –Objective: Learn how to manually configure TCP/IP for situations in which static addressing is used Automatic Private IP Addressing (APIPA) –Automated addressing through automatic private IP addressing Dynamic addressing through a DHCP server MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 55

56. MCITP Guide to Microsoft Windows Server 2008, Server Administration (Exam #70-646) 56 Summary Eight editions of Windows Server 2008 Features for security, clustering, virtualization, reliability, multitasking, and multithreading Peer-to-peer and server-based networking models TCP/IP –Default protocol for Windows Server 2008 –IP addressing and versions –IP addresses can be statically or dynamically assigned