1. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 1 Brian Killough (NASA, SEO) Paul Kessler, Shaun Deacon, Kim Keith September 4-6, 2013 SDCG-4 Meeting Pasadena, CA, USA GFOI Element #1 Coverage and Future Plans

2. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Agenda SEO support to GFOI GFOI Country Information Landsat Historical Coverage Country Analyses COVE Tool and Demo

3. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 SEO Support to GFOI – Element #1 How will the SEO support GFOI Element #1 - Global Data Acquisition Strategy? Provide early assessments of Landsat archive data to identify the need for LTAP adjustments, pixel mining or alternative measurements (SAR). Conduct country-level assessments for 2013 countries (15 total) and 2014 countries (36 total) to proactively plan future acquisitions. Work with country representatives to facilitate further analyses, consideration of other/future missions or access to data products.

4. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 GFOI Country Information The top-5 cloudiest countries per 2012 Landsat historical data... Ecuador, Colombia, Panama, Guyana, Peru

5. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Landsat 7 Coverage in 2012 2013 Countries Coverage is typically high for countries with high cloud cover (Colombia, Guyana, Peru, Ecuador) Brazil and Nepal have high coverage, but lower cloud cover ? Panama coverage seems low, considering higher cloud cover ?

6. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Country-level Assessment of Scene Cloudiness – 2013 countries <5% of the acquired scenes in any category Ecuador, Guyana and Panama... Very cloudy countries annually! Colombia and Costa Rica... Very cloudy in summer months Landsat 7 acquisitions for 211 days (Jan 1 to July 31) Landsat 8 acquisitions for 111 days (Apr 11 to July 31)

7. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Landsat 7 Coverage in 2012 2014 Countries Coverage is high for countries in South America Coverage lower for Africa, Central America, and Asia Very low coverage in Vanuatu, but cloud cover is also very low (21% average).

8. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Country-level Assessment of Scene Cloudiness – 2014 countries (part A) <5% of the acquired scenes in any category Gabon... Very Cloudy annually! Bhutan... Extremely Cloudy from Jun-Aug

9. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Country-level Assessment of Scene Cloudiness – 2014 countries (part B) <5% of the acquired scenes in any category Papua New Guinea... Very cloudy annually! Suriname and Solomon Islands... Cloudy in Spring/Summer

10. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Country Packages Each country in attendance (Colombia, Ecuador, Guyana, Honduras, Mexico and Peru) will receive a detailed “country package”. We would like to do this for all 51 countries... in time, if desired. A meeting will be held on Friday morning to further explore the detailed country results and show the attendees how to use the COVE tool. Country packages contain... Forest cover information, monthly cloud cover, monthly rainfall, Landsat WRS-2 path-row range, detailed Landsat historical coverage by path-row, and analysis results.

11. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Country Analyses Path-Row scenes for each country were evaluated based on defined criteria (table) in ascending order (1,2,3,4) to determine a recommendation for Landsat Data Acquisition Planning. 1. Acceptable: If the archive data had ONE clear-sky scene in 2012 or ONE clear-sky scene in 2013, the location is considered “acceptable” for GFOI and no changes are necessary for Landsat planning. 2. Increase LTAP (Landsat Long-Term Acquisition Plan): As these locations have not maximized the number of annual acquisitions, it is expected that increased acquisitions could yield at least ONE clear- sky scene per year, with reasonable (<60%) cloud cover. 3. Pixel Mining: These locations have a sufficient number (≥ 5 per year) of existing archived scenes with less than 60% cloud cover that could be used for pixel mining (i.e., WELD) to produce at least ONE or more clear-sky composited scenes. 4. Extreme Cloudiness: These locations do not have a sufficient number (≤ 4 per year) of existing archived scenes with less than 60% cloud cover for pixel mining. Due to persistent cloudiness, these locations should pursue alternative non-optical measurements for cloud penetration.

12. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Guyana 2012 Landsat Coverage Example Path/Row = 231/56 No cloud-free scenes in 2012 and all of 2013 for both missions... Very cloudy! 8 scenes were acquired with <60% cloud cover in 2012 and the same is expected in 2013. This path-row region is recommended to use Pixel Mining to develop a cloud-free composite.

13. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Guyana Summary 16 total path/row locations 6 locations are on border or coast edges and do not contain much country data. Recommend 4 locations use Pixel Mining due to ≥5 scenes with less than 60% cloud cover expected. Other 6 locations are ACCEPTABLE and have ≥1 clear-sky scene per year. PathRowRecommendationLocation 22958Acceptableborder 22959Acceptableborder 23056Acceptable 23057Acceptableborder 23058Acceptable 23059Acceptable 23155Pixel Mining 23156Pixel Mining 23157Pixel Mining 23158Acceptable 23159Pixel Mining 23254Acceptablecoast 23255Acceptable 23256Acceptable 23355Pixel Miningborder 23356Acceptableborder

14. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Colombia 2012 Landsat Example Example Path/Row = 10/59 (border of Colombia and Ecuador) No cloud-free scenes in 2012 and all of 2013 for both missions... Very cloudy! Only 4 scenes were acquired with <60% cloud cover in 2012 and 4 scenes in 2013-L7. None for L8. This region has Extreme Cloudiness and it is recommended that other measurements are considered (i.e., SAR) or investigate Pixel Mining with limited images.

15. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Colombia Summary 63 total path/row locations 14 locations are on border or coastal edges and do not contain much country data. Recommend 18 locations use Pixel Mining due to ≥5 scenes with less than 60% cloud cover expected. Recommend 1 location consider SAR or Pixel Mining due to only 4 scenes at <60% cloud cover and EXTREME CLOUDINESS. Other 30 locations are ACCEPTABLE and have ≥1 clear-sky scene per year. PathRowRecommendationLocation 357Acceptableborder 358Acceptableborder 359Acceptableborder 456Acceptable 457Acceptable 458Acceptable 459Pixel Miningborder 460Pixel Miningborder 461Pixel Mining 462Acceptable 463Acceptableborder 555Acceptableborder 556Acceptable 557Acceptable 558Acceptable 559Acceptable 560Acceptable 561Acceptable 562Acceptableborder 655Acceptable 656Acceptable 657Acceptable 658Acceptable 659Acceptable 660Acceptable 661Pixel Mining 662Pixel Miningborder 752Acceptableborder 754Pixel Mining 755Pixel Mining 756Pixel Mining 757Pixel Mining 758Acceptable PathRowRecommendationLocation 759Acceptable 760Acceptable 761Acceptableborder 852Acceptable 853Acceptable 854Acceptable 855Acceptable 856Pixel Mining 857Pixel Mining 858Pixel Mining 859Pixel Mining 860Acceptable 952Acceptable 953Acceptable 954Acceptable 955Pixel Mining 956Pixel Mining 957Pixel Mining 958Pixel Mining 959Pixel Mining 960Pixel Miningborder 1053Acceptable 1054Pixel Mining 1055Pixel Mining 1056Acceptable 1057Acceptable 1058Pixel Mining 1059Extreme Cloudiness 1155Acceptablecoast 1159Pixel Miningcoast

16. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Ecuador 2012 Landsat Coverage Example Case Path=10, Row=61 Area of dense inland forest No cloud-free scenes in 2012 and all of 2013 for both missions. Only 3 scenes were acquired with Landsat 7 in 1.5 years with <60% cloud cover. Only 1 scene acquired by Landsat 8 with <60% cloud cover. This region has Extreme Cloudiness so it may be considered for SAR imaging or PIxel Mining.

17. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Ecuador Summary PathRowRecommendationLocation 860Acceptable 861Acceptable 862Acceptableborder 960Pixel Mining 961Acceptable 962Acceptable 963Pixel Miningborder 1059Extreme Cloudiness 1060Extreme Cloudiness 1061Extreme Cloudiness 1062Extreme Cloudiness 1063Acceptable 1159Pixel Miningcoast 1160Extreme Cloudiness 1161Pixel Mining 1162Pixel Miningcoast 1163Acceptablecoast 17 total path/row locations 5 locations are on border or coastal edges and do not contain much country data. Recommend 2 locations use Pixel Mining due to ≥5 scenes with less than 60% cloud cover expected. Recommend 5 locations consider SAR or Pixel Mining due to limited scenes at <60% cloud cover and EXTREME CLOUDINESS. Other 5 locations are ACCEPTABLE and have ≥1 clear-sky scene per year.

18. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Mexico, Peru and Honduras Your situation is much better!!! Mexico Honduras Peru Mexico: All 126 locations are acceptable with at least ONE clear-sky scene. 126 Honduras: All 12 locations are acceptable with at least ONE clear-sky scene. 12 2012 L7 summary Peru: 16 locations are on borders or coastlines with little forest area; 7 locations recommended for Pixel Mining; 50 acceptable locations 73

19. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 CEOS Visualization Environment (COVE)  Browser-based tool using Google-Earth to display satellite coverage swaths and calculate coincidence scene locations.  Automated daily satellite position data from CelesTrak.  Saved bookmarks and states, Google-Earth KML and Shapefile compatibility, collaborative sessions.  Output: position, UTC time, viewing angles, solar angles, day/night, and EXCEL tables  Large mission database: 127 missions, 265 Mission- Instrument combinations 19 Did you know.... There are 1046 Earth orbiting missions There are 107 active CEOS missions www.ceos-cove.org

20. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 New Features in COVE  Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 Actual Acquisitions. Clicking on any actual scene retrieves the browse image.  2D global output in JPEG format.  Export screen contents to KML for viewing in Google Earth or sending to others.  Overlays... GlobCover, MODIS Land Cover Classification (LCC), Cloud Cover (global monthly statistics), Precipitation (global monthly statistics).  Conversion to Spanish. 20 Landsat 8, Aug 1-3, over Europe Green (potential), Red (actual) Browse... over northern Italy on Aug 3 2D global map of Radarsat-2 (W3 mode) coverage on Aug 1

21. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Future COVE Applications 21 Oil Spill Disasters Partnering with the American Petroleum Institute (API) Volcanic Ash Disasters Landsat 7 and 8 Kiosk (USGS approval expected soon...) Coverage Analyzer to support SDCG June 1-17, 2013 – Landsat 7 (left), Landsat 8 (right)

22. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 COVE Demo over Ecuador  Region (Ecaudor country overlay)  L8 past coverage – 8/20 to 8/27 (GREEN) Browse image, 8/24, 54% cloudy, Scene 10/60  L8 future coverage - 9/4 to 9/11 (next 7 days)  Data Overlays (GlobCover, MODIS LCC, Clouds)  KML inputs (results from recent analysis)... Landsat-8 in 2013 (111 days, sub 10%)  Radarsat-2 with W3 mode... Figure on RIGHT in RED Region Path 10, Row 60 RAT tool for next 30 days Results = 6 passes (only 2 are very good)

23. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Backup Charts

24. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Multi-Mission Revisit Performance L7 and L8 = Landsat 7 and Landsat 8 S2A and S2B = Sentinel-2A and Sentinel-2B R2 = ResourseSat2 * Results are over Argentina, but variations are small in others areas of the globe (-40 to +40 latitude)

25. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Landsat 7 and 8 Coverage June 1-17, 2013 (16 day cycle) Africa

26. SDCG-4 Pasadena, CA, USA September 4-6, 2013 Landsat 7 and 8 Coverage June 1-17, 2013 (16 day cycle) South America