1. Composite applications in concrete structures Professor John L Clarke The Concrete Society

2. Why use FRP reinforcement? Corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete structures in aggressive environments is a major problem Current concrete approaches are often inadequate Stainless steel reinforcement is expensive FRP should offer a viable alternative

3. Japanese road bridge

4. Bridge with FRP prestressing

5. Japanese foot and cycle bridge

6. Berlin Footbridge

7. Oslo Footbridge

8. Herning Bridge, Denmark

9. Casting ‘steel-free’ deck

10. Fender support beam, Qatar

11. Non-magnetic fencing

12. Summary - FRP reinforcement Correctly specified FRP materials are suitable for use in concrete Initial design guidance is now available Initial conservative safety factors will be modified as experience grows Demonstration structures world-wide show that the material is viable

13. Reasons for strengthening Requirement for increased load capacity (e.g. change of use or regulations) Insufficient/incorrectly located reinforcement Change of structural form (e.g. cutting holes through slabs or removal of supports) Damage (e.g. corrosion or impact)

14. Types of strengthening Beams and slabs –Bending –Shear Columns –Axial load –Bending –Shear (impact) –Seismic loading

15. Types of materials Pultruded composite plates Fabrics –Sheet materials –Tapes Pre-formed shells Pre-formed shear straps

16. Coil of carbon plate

17. Strengthening concrete with FRP Advantages –Cost effective solution - rapid installation and hence limited possession time –Limited preparation - no bolts required Disadvantages –Lack of agreed design approaches –Lack of long term experience –Approach appears to be too easy (!!)

18. Strengthening canal bridge

19. Installing FRP strips on bridge deck

20. Bridge strengthened with FRP

21. Strengthening Glade Bridge

22. Applying adhesive to fabric

23. Fabric impregnation machine

24. Wrapping column

25. Wrapping column

26. Column wrapping machine

27. Bridge over Bodmin Bypass

28. Contents of Concrete Society Technical Report 55 Introduction Background Material types and properties Review of applications Structural design - flexure, shear, columns Detailing Workmanship Available materials Quality control