1. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade State of the Art in Medical Applications of Sensor Nets Stanislava Stanković, BSc. Thesis Student of the School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade E-mail: saska58@gmail.com Prof. Dr. Veljko Milutinović, School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade E-mail: vm@etf.bg.ac.yu Authors:

2. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade2/22 Introduction Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), intensive R+D during few past years History of WSNs begins at the UC, Berkley - SmartDust - TinyOS Relatively Large Nodes miniaturization process Nodes, Small enough, Power enough, Affordable enough Extra small, Powerful, Low cost Nodes future process

3. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade3/22 Introduction New medical applications are being developed in the research centers and in the commercial sectors This technology is under development and by many predictions, WSNs are going to be an essential part of medical treatment and analysis At presence, there are many proposed applications for the use of WSNs, but certainly medical applications are the area where WSNs have the most potential

4. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade4/22 Introduction-open Qs Healthcare system is becoming more complex Healthcare system is becoming more expensive The world’s population is aging Number of persons in need of homecare is growing Number of persons suffering from diseases is growing Number of medical mistakes is growing Number of lawsuits is growing

5. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade5/22 Stress of this presentation: Some existing medical applications (EXMA), their issues, and challenges Introduction-p. solution Medical applications based on WSNs can provide answers to many open medical Qs - cost and complexity of healthcare - patients’ benefits - caregivers’ benefits Accessibility and efficiency Costs and mistakes

6. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade6/22 EXMA-important issues Engineering issues (different devices, different frequencies, real-time services, power consumption, reliability, security) Social issues (Does the usage of these applications affects daily lives of people?) Patients’ well-being issues (Use only to heal, not to harm!)

7. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade7/22 EXMA-technologies in use Great advantage of WSNs is their compatibility with existing infrastructures WBAN (Wireless Body Area Network) RFID (Radio Frequency IDentification) WPAN (Wireless Personal Area Network) Sensor Networks GPRS Wireless LAN (802.11 standard)

8. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade8/22 Classification EXMA follow a people-centric paradigm (popularized by MetroSense project) whether they use: - wearable devices - implantable devices - combinations of devices

9. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade9/22 Classification EXMA may be oriented as: - applications in public health area - applications in personal health area - applications in sport health area personal health sport health public health

10. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade10/22 CodeBlue Development - CodeBlue is a medical research project based on WSNs technology, developed at Harvard Goals of project (a) pre-hospital care and, (b) in-hospital emergency care, (c) stroke patient rehabilitation (d) disaster response Hardware and software - CodeBlue is a combined hardware and software platform developed for sensor networks - CodeBlue project has developed a range of medical sensors based on Mica2, MicaZ and Telos motes designs These include a pulse oximeter, two-lead ECG, and a specialized motion analysis sensor board

11. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade11/22 CodeBlue Hardware and software - CodeBlue provides protocol for device discovery, publish/subscribe multi hop routing, and a simple query interface allowing caregivers to request patients’ data - CodeBlue integrates an RF-based localization system, called MoteTrack, to track localization of patients and caregivers Requirements - wearable sensor platform - reliable communication system - multicast - device mobility - security

12. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade12/22 CodeBlue & 10Blade The 10Blade has developed a software package called iRevive that allows complete documentation of pre-hospital emergency medical services (EMS) on a mobile device Sensors attached to patients transmit vital signs iRevive PDAs carried by EMTs perform real-time triage

13. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade13/22 UbiMon Development - UbiMon is a project based on WSNs technology, developed at Lancaster University with cooperation from Imperial College London Goals of project - Investigation of healthcare delivery by combining wearable and implantable sensors The UbiMon project is concerned with monitoring patients under natural physiological state for detection and prevention of transient but possibly life threatening abnormalities Hardware and software -The UbiMon Body Sensor Network architecture has been designed by using six main components: the sensors, the remote sensing unit, the local processing unit, the central server, the patient database and, the workstations

14. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade14/22 Satire Development - Satire (A Software Architecture for smart atTIRE) is a project based on WSNs technology, developed at University of Illinois with cooperation from University of Virginia Goals of project - Recording the owner’s activity and location for subsequent automated uploading and archiving - Transparency to the user as a design goal Hardware and software - The prototype records human activity and location by using 2-axis accelerometer and GPS - All is achieved by using commercial off-the-shelf MicaZ motes - The user interface layer is divided into three sublayers: web-interface, web-server and MySQL database server

15. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade15/22 AlarmNet Development - AlarmNet (WSNs for Assisted-Living and Residential-Monitoring) is a project based on WSNs technology, developed at University of Virginia Goals of project - Integration of environmental and physiological sensors into heterogeneous architecture - Allowing real-time collection and processing of sensor data Hardware and software - Network consists of MicaZ motes, gateways, iPAQ PDAs and, PCs - Sensors in use: infrared motion sensors, dust sensors, temperature, light sensors, pulse and, blood oxygenation sensors - Software components include: TinyOS query processor and security modules for motes; AlarmGate, Java application for managing power, security and privacy; Data querying applications for PDAs and PCs;

16. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade16/22 BikeNet Development - BikeNet is a project based on WSNs technology, developed at Dartmouth College and Columbia University Goals of project - Exploring personal, bicycle and, environmental sensing using dynamically role-assigned bike area networking Hardware and software - The BikeNet system hardware is organized into three tiers, the back end server tier, the sensor access point (SAP) tier and the mobile sensor tier - TinyOS software architecture

17. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade17/22 The Alabama University R&D Development - Alabama University Goals of project - Wearable health monitoring systems allow an individual to closely monitor changes in her or his vital signs and provide feedback to help maintain an optimal health status - If integrated into a medical system, these systems can even alert medical personnel when life-threatening changes occur Hardware and software - Prototype sensor network for health monitoring utilizes off-the-shelf 802.15.4 network nodes and custom-built motion and heart activity sensors ECG, EMG, EEG, blood pressure, tilt and, breathing sensors (Tier 1) - The personal server (PS) application running on a PDA, a cell phone, or a PC (Tier 2)

18. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade18/22 Conclusion - New technology: failure vs. success - Some of the applications mentioned are long term projects and parts of them have been transferred to commercialization, so new products are being developed - Homecare and personal care are the areas where medical applications based on sensor networks have the most potential Elderly and people with need of long term care can benefit the most by applying wireless sensor networks in medicine

19. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade19/22 Conclusion  Wireless networks for Medical Applications are becoming a hot topic  Wireless networks have an important contribution in improving lives of patients  How things will evolve, future will certainly show

20. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade20/22 References [1] Aleksandar Milenković, Chris Otto, Emil Jovanov, Wireless Sensor Networks for Personal Health Monitoring: Issues and an Implementation [2] S. B. Eisenman, N. D. Lane, E. Miluzzo, R. A. Peterson, G-S. Ahn, A. T. Campbell, The BikeNet Mobile Sensing System for Cyclist Experience Mapping [3] A. Wood, G. Virone, T. Doan, Q. Cao, L. Selavo, Y. Wu, L. Fang, Z. He, S. Lin, J. Stankovic, ALARM-NET: Wireless Sensor Networks for Assisted-Living and Residential Monitoring [4] Raghu K. Ganti, Praveen Jayachandran, Tarek F. Abdelzaher, John A. Stankovic, SATIRE: A Software Architecture for Smart AtTIRE [5] Victor Shnayder, Borrong Chen, Konrad Lorincz,Thaddeus R. F. FulfordJones, and Matt Welsh, Sensor Networks for Medical Care [6] Kristof Van Laerhoven, Benny P.L. Lo, Jason W.P. Ng, Surapa Thiemjarus, Rachel King, Simon Kwan, Hans-Werner Gellersen, Morris Sloman, Oliver Wells, Phil Needham, Nick Peters, Ara Darzi, Chris Toumazou and Guang-Zhong Yang, Medical Healthcare Monitoring with Wearable and Implantable Sensors

21. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade21/22 Questions mailto: saska58@gmail.com

22. Dublin, March 2008ProSense Belgrade22/22 Thank you for your attention!