1. War for Independence Chapter 11

2. Section 1 minutemenOrdinary citizens that armed themselves and trained to fight

3. MassachusettsGov. ordered to destroy the guns and gunpowder that minutemen had hidden. John Hancock & Samuel Adams were in Lexington about 20 miles NW of Boston

4. Weapons thought to be stored in nearby Concord. April 18, 1775, 700 British soldiers marched toward Lex. 3 messengers, Paul Revere, William Dawes, and Sam Prescott, rode diff. routes to warn citizens.

5. Revere and Dawes were captured but Prescott reached Concord to warn colonists. No one knows who fired first. 15 minute battle 8 minutemen dead

6. British moved onto Concord, but found few guns. When the Brits headed back to Boston, hundreds of minutemen were 7hidden, killing 73 Brits

7. “Shot heard round the world” Revolution began

8. Second Continental Congress June 14, 1775 To create an American Army, called the Continental Army George Washington to lead it

9. Battle of Bunker HillJune 17, 1775 One of fiercest battles of the war Breed’s Hill Brits shot cannons Americans fought bravely but ran out of gunpowder and had to retreat

10. 200 Brits killed 140 Americans killed Despite their loss, Americans proved they could fight a trained powerful army.

11. Battle of Moores Creek Bridge Feb, 27, 1776 NCs first battle Patriots hid along the road to Wilmington. They took planks off the bridge and greased its supporting logs with soap and animal fat. Three min. battle. 50 Brits were killed. Only 1 patriot was killed.

12. Halifax RsolvesRecommended that NC declare independence and urged all colonists to do so together.

13. Declaration of Independence Drafted by 5 men Approved on July 4, 1776 Created free and independent states War not over yet.

14. Section 2 War in the NorthBritish lost Boston Washington lost New York to the British. The Brits won 3 battles at Long Island, Brooklyn Heights, & Harlem Heights. By Nov. 1776, even much of New Jersey was under Brit. Control.

15. Washington and most Patriots thought the war was nearly over at this point. Badly beaten and discouraged Thomas Paine wrote a pamphlet to encourage troops to continue fighting. “The American Crisis”

16. Christmas night 1776, Americans won a victory in New Jersey. Washington crossed the icy Delaware river, surprising the British. Brits plan for the north failed

17. Battle of Saratoga, Patriots won. Turning point for the war.

18. War in the WestAmericans led by George Rogers Clark, sent to protect the settlers. Captured British forts Gave America control over much of the land east of the Miss. River

19. War at SeaBrits had over 400 ships sailing from Mass. To Georgia Beg. Of war, Amer. Used trade ships or privateers to fight. By 1775, $ was raised for 12 warships

20. War in the SouthBy 1778, we had lost more battles than we won, but refused to give up. Brit. General Cornwallis was in charge, wanted to wait for autumn of 1780 to fight-not used to southern heat.

21. While he waited, people in NC prepared for battle Raised $ and gathered supplies Once he began marching towards Charlotte, bands of partisans (Patriot followers) slowed him down.

22. Eventually moved down to SC after being chased out of the Charlotte and Kings Mtn. area

23. Last significant battle in NC Guilford Court House near Greensboro Patriots led by Nathanial Greene British held the field, not retreating but lost one quarter of their men and many of their best officers. Corn. Moved army to Wimington

24. Section 3 End of War After the Battle of Guilford Co. Courthouse, Cornwallis left Wilmington and took his army to Virginia, camping at a port called Yorktown. Brit. Soldiers dug ditches & built sandbanks to protect them from inland attack. Corn. Counted on Brit. Ships anchored in Chesapeake Bay to prevent sea attacks.

25. Cornwallis had fallen into a trap. 7000 French troops joined the American army stationed in New York. 20 French warships arrived. F & A ground troops marched to VA before Cornwallis knew they left New York, blocking the land route off the peninsula. French ships blocked the Bay entrance.

26. SurrenderFormal ceremony Oct. 19,1781

27. Against the odds How did the Americans win? Defending homeland More familiar with climate, land, bodies of water Surprise attacks Great leader (GW)

28. How did Britain lose?Soldiers far from home (wanted to go home) Many Brit. Soldiers were hired (no personal reason to fight)

29. Brits were used to orderly fighting on the battlefield Brit leaders made mistakes Too confident

30. Although the Brits surrendered in the fall of 1781, fighting was not over in the South Nathanial Green had to force Brits out of GA and SC. Civil war took place in NC (small bands of armed men pretending to be Loyalists or Patriots robbed and killed people and burned homes.

31. One of the groups, pretending to be a Loyalist group, even captured the gov. of NC and 200 other prisoners in Hillsborough.

32. The last of the Brit. Forces did not leave New York until 1783.

33. Treaty of Paris, 1783 Formal peace agreement Held in Paris Britain formally recognized the independence of all 13 colonies Borders of new country were set. US would reach from Atlantic to Mississippi

34. And from the Great Lakes to the north of Florida Americans agreed that Loyalists would not be punished for their part in the war. Loyalists would get back any property lost

35. Both Britain and America agreed to pay back any & owed to the other Britain agreed to end the fighting and leave US ASAP

36. Now huge task is before them Creating a new government to guarantee the people’s right to rule themselves.