1. Outcomes: Part 1 – ES20-AS1 – Assess the impact of air quality on human and environmental health and the need for regulations and mitigating technologies. Part 2 – ES20-AS2 – Analyze current and potential future effect of global climate change on Earth and humans, including the need for adaptation and mitigation strategies

2. AIR QUALITY

3. * Atmosphere – thin layer of gases surrounding Earth. * Layers of the atmosphere (apple analogy) Troposphere - 11km Stratosphere (ozone layer – O 3 ) – 11-55km Ozone is not good in the troposphere? Free radical good or bad? Mesosphere – 50-80km Thermosphere – 80-500km * Atmosphere is ~78% nitrogen gas (N 2 ) and 21% oxygen gas (O 2 ). Also contains water vapour. Temperature (Heat) affects how much water (H 2 O) the air can hold (humidity). The percentage indicates how much of its max it can hold. * Air pressure – force exerted by air on the area below it. (Higher above sea level = less pressure) Stack o’ book analogy.

4. * Condensation – dew and frost. * Cloud formation – surface or particle for air to condense. * Heat (energy) transfer drives air movement. Heat transfer via - Radiation (energy through space – sun heating the earth) conduction (contact – of molecules as well), convection (through fluids). Sinking of cool air (dense), rising warm air (molecules move away faster - less dense). * Air mass is a large body of air with a similar property of temp, pressure, and humidity). Boundary between them are fronts (warm and cold). Warm, moist air hits cold, dry air (dry skin in winter?)

5. * Pollution – introduction of contaminants (which negatively affects or impedes the regular or healthy functioning of what it was introduced to). Where are the most polluted places on earth? http://list25.com/the-25-most-polluted-places-on- earth/ http://list25.com/the-25-most-polluted-places-on- earth/ * Is air pollution necessary/natural? We exhale a pollutant so yes kind of! But maybe we can make it not so pronounced. * Local sources of air pollution? Cars, mines, refinery * Check SK or another location Canada – www.airhealth.ca/ - http://www.lung.ca/protect- protegez/pollution-pollution/indoor- interieur/school-ecole_e.php States - http://www.airnow.gov/ - http://www.stateoftheair.org/# www.airhealth.ca/ http://www.lung.ca/protect- protegez/pollution-pollution/indoor- interieur/school-ecole_e.php http://www.airnow.gov/ http://www.stateoftheair.org/# Fun fact – Toronto has a “congestion charge”.

6. * What is the ozone layer? Where is the ozone layer? Where is the stratosphere? * How did it get depleted? What does it do for us? * How would this affect human health?

7. * Are you at risk? http://www.lung.ca/protect-protegez/pollution- pollution/indoor-interieur/home-chezvous_e.php http://www.lung.ca/protect-protegez/pollution- pollution/indoor-interieur/home-chezvous_e.php * Air Pollutant/contaminant – release of damaging materials into the atmosphere or air. - radon – floor level gas causing lung cancer. - carbon monoxide – odourless gas that deprives cells of oxygen by binding with hemoglobin in the blood. - mold/allergens – dander, pollen, and allergens made possible by moisture indoors (keep humidity below 50%) – cough, sneezing, congestion, respiratory, eye irritation - volatile organic compounds – carbon-containing chemicals fumes such as methane, propane, benzene, and butane found in cleaning products – can cause cancer and can react to produce ozone in the troposphere. - particulates – soot, dust, tiny bits of metals, damage lungs and affect breathing

8. * Where is the troposphere again? * Ozone - Carbon Monoxide - Nitrogen dioxide - Lead – can last for a long time and travel through air and get into groundwater – causes neurological problems dominantly in children. Sulphur Dioxide – irritates lungs and contributes to acid precipitation * How do they affect human health and the environment? * Acid deposition (deposit) – acid rain which reacts and affects water quality. – eyes burning when soap gets in them example.

9. * AQHI - www.airhealth.ca/ www.airhealth.ca/ * NAAQO - http://www.ec.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=5 6D4043B-1&news=A4B2C28A-2DFB-4BF4-8777- ADF29B4360BD Particulate matter? http://www.ec.gc.ca/default.asp?lang=En&n=5 6D4043B-1&news=A4B2C28A-2DFB-4BF4-8777- ADF29B4360BD PollutantsOld StandardsNew Standards 20152020 PM 2.5 Annual-10 µg/m³8.8 µg/m³ PM 2.5 for 24- hour 30 µg/m³28 µg/m³27 µg/m³ Ozone for 8- hour 65 parts per billion 63 parts per billion 62 parts per billion

10. * Perform experiment. * How can we create a process to find out our air quality?

11. * In small groups you will be given one of the following technologies to research (use your phones): Air Scrubber Baghouse Filter Electrostatic Precipitator Catalytic Converter Then answer the following: What is it? What is it used with? When was it developed? What contaminant does it reduce (and what would this contaminants normally cause)? How does it reduce contaminants? You will present this information to the class.

12. * In small groups you will be given one of the following locations and asked to research processes that manage and improve air quality within them (use your phones): Residential Commercial Industrial Then answer the following: What is it? What is it used with? When was it developed? What contaminant does it reduce (and what would this contaminants normally cause)? How does it reduce contaminants? You will present this information to the class.

13. Graphing – create a graph using the information below, then combine the graphs on excel showing whether or not there is any correlation between human population Prediction? Based on this Canada is more likely to have better or worse air quality?

15. CLIMATE CHANGE