1. Organizational Structure Of a News Room
Sub Editing
Organizational Structure
Of a News Room

2. Newspapers Newspapers are called the fourth estate.
Newspapers are called mirrors of the society.
Newspapers inform.
Newspapers also educate.
Most newspapers are dependent on credibility to increase readership.
Different newspapers have different but specific styles.
Editing helps in maintaining uniformity of style.

3. ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE OF NEWSPAPERS
Newspapers have four major departments:
Editorial Department,
Advertising Department,
Circulation Department, and
Printing Press.
The additional departments are:
Administrative Department,
Accounting Department,
Personnel Department,
Legal Department, and
Public Relations Department.

4. EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT News Section Deputy News Editors,
Chief Editor or Editor-in-Chief,
Deputy News Editors,
Chief Sub Editors,
Senior Sub Editors and
Sub Editors.
Reporter’s Room.
Chief Reporter
Senior Reporter,
Sports Reporter,
City Reporter,
Principal Correspondent,
Senior Correspondents and
Correspondents.

5. EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Views Section. Editorial Wing, Article Wing,
The Editor,
Resident Editor,
Executive Editor,
Associate Editors (or Deputy Editors)
Assistant Editors
Editorial Wing,
Article Wing,
Feature Wing and
Review Wing.

6. EDITORIAL DEPARTMENT Photo Section, Computer Section. Photo Editor or
Chief Photographer
Computer Section.
Computer In-charge
computer operators

7. Advertising Department
Looks after collecting advertisements, so that the newspaper gets good revenue.
Circulation Department
Looks after circulation or distribution of the copies of the newspaper
Printing Department
Takes care of the mechanical or the production aspects of newspapers. These include printing plate preparation, printing, cutting, folding, etc.
Administrative Department
Looks after the general administration.

8. Accounting Department Personnel Department
Billing, financial collections, receipts and expenses are taken care of here.
Personnel Department
Recruitment, training, promotions, transfers, retirements, are taken care of here.
Legal Department
Takes care of legal problems like defamation, libel, etc
Public Relations Department
Tries to create and sustain a positive image for the newspaper.

9. NEWS ROOM
The newsroom is the nerve center of the entire activity in a newspaper.
The News Desk edits and composes the news stories in newspapers.
Editor or an Editor-in-Chief who plans and directs the day-to-day operations,
He is supported by a team of
News Editors,
Chief Sub editors (chief subs),
Senior Sub editors and
Sub editors (subs).

10. Reporters Room The news section is divided in to two parts:
the Reporters’ room and the Newsroom.
The reporters’ room or section is also called the Bureau.
The Bureau Chief or a Chief Reporter heads it.
The reporters are concerned with news writing.
They go to the field to cover their beats
They come back to the newspaper office to write their stories.
These stories are then handed over to the newsroom.

11. Reporters Room The news editor heads the newsroom.
He has a battery of editorial staff working under him.
These include;
associate editors,
deputy editors,
assistant editors,
chief sub editors,
Senior sub editors, and sub editors.
In smaller and medium size newspapers, there are few such designations.
In most of the newspapers, the chief sub editors and sub editors are there to assist the news editor.

12. NEWS DESK
In a news agency, News Editors and chief subs look after the smooth functioning of the News Desk.
They plan and write ‘leads’.
They also write updated versions of developing stories.
The News Desk usually operates in shifts.
A chief sub editor heads each shift.
The News Editor plans editing and directs page making. But it is the chief sub helps implement his decisions.
So while news editors head the newsrooms, chief sub editors head the news desk.

13. HOW A NEWS DESK WORKS
Stories come to the news desk after an “assignment” editor or the news editor selects them.
The chief sub editor assigns these news stories to various sub editors on the basis of their expertise.
At the news desk the sub editor needs to learn;
What size of headline the story will get
Whether the story needs to be trimmed
If there are photos to be inserted
Any captions to be written.
There might be some graphics to be created,
Editing and proofreading done.
And padding out a story which means pulling out a quote or an interesting passage and setting it in larger, display" type.