1. Computing and Networking Challenges in the Transportation CPS Rudra Dutta Department of Computer Science, NCSU NSF DriveSense Workshop, October 2014, Norfolk, VA

2. Personal Perspective Analytics, coupled by sensing/actuating to transportation infrastructure can enable a variety of innovative applications – Analytics  computing – Sensing/Actuation  computing, communications Computing, networking, and transportation together form a cyber-physical system – Requires an ecosystem of capabilities, which produce research and development challenges What are the problem areas, and important problems? Rudra Dutta, CSC, NCSU, Fall, 2014 2

3. Ecosystem Rudra Dutta, CSC, NCSU, Fall, 2014 3

4. Example Application Congestion information fed over ad-hoc network to drivers – model resulting mobility Patwa and Dutta, ICCCN 2007 Information plane Physical plane Sense congestion (low speed) Provide notification to driver disseminate Modify behavior Rudra Dutta, CSC, NCSU, Fall, 2014 4

5. Issue: Coupled Network and Congestion Requires joint modeling Microscopic simulation Macroscopic modeling using Klar et al’s dense gas mesoscopic model Reasonable agreement Rudra Dutta, CSC, NCSU, Fall, 2014 5

6. Surprising Coupling at Intermediate Regime The very success of the network causes it to disconnect – As drivers exit in advance of congestion – Reconnects as subsequent drivers join congestion – Sets up oscillatory behavior Rudra Dutta, CSC, NCSU, Fall, 2014 6

7. Surprising Coupling at Intermediate Regime Cavities Rudra Dutta, CSC, NCSU, Fall, 2014 7

8. Surprising Coupling at Intermediate Regime (a) CWMsg Lifetime = 1(b) CWMsg Lifetime = 50 Width of Cavity Rudra Dutta, CSC, NCSU, Fall, 2014 8

9. Research Problem Areas Sensing – Observation of driving behavior – Onboard multi-sensor (similar to i2D) – design – External visual – other vehicles, poles, drones? – Observation of driver: biometrics Actuation – Onboard: driver notifications, safety overrides – Traffic lights, lane reversals, police dispatch Rudra Dutta, CSC, NCSU, Fall, 2014 9

10. Research Problem Areas Communication – Opportunistic, multimode – Privacy preserving Analytics – Local pre-processing of sensor data, local realtime decisions – Fusion of big data – usual V 3 challenge – Sharing sensed data in cloud with anonymity, privacy Rudra Dutta, CSC, NCSU, Fall, 2014 10

11. CentMesh Facility at NCSU CentMesh : a project to build a versatile, open source shared resource on campus Provide an active testbed to support research and instruction on wireless networks Part of NCSU’s “Living Laboratory” vision An extensible, programmable, open, real outdoor wireless network A teaching and research resource at NCSU Centennial centmesh.csc.ncsu.edu Rudra Dutta, CSC, NCSU, Fall, 2014 11

12. CentMesh Nodes Rudra Dutta, CSC, NCSU, Fall, 2014 12

13. Who Built CentMesh ? Homemade ! – Built by NCSU student researchers – CoTS hardware, open-source and NCSU-developed software – Guided by NCSU faculty – Funded by Army Research Office and NCSU – Operationalized by Institute of Technology of Next Generation (ITng), NCSU Rudra Dutta, CSC, NCSU, Fall, 2014 13

14. Control Module - Input from joystick - Input from sensors - Plan motion - Command airframe Operator Control & Feedback - Make operator joystick commands available to Control - Make IR/camera video available to operator Sensor Package - 360 obstruction detection - Make fused sensor data available to Control Airframe - VTOL, hover capability - Light, small - Payload capacity - Accept motion directives from Control Rudra Dutta, CSC, NCSU, Fall, 201414