1. EXCAVATION, BARRIERS AND TIMBERING
SBEQ 1112 CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY I
EXCAVATION, BARRIERS AND TIMBERING
Mr. Syamsul Hendra Bin Mahmud
Department of Quantity Surveying
Faculty of the Built Environment
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

2. EXCAVATION WORKS
Excavation works can be define as the art or process of excavating or digging.
Excavation works can be divided into three types which are shallow, medium or deep excavation depends on their work elements.
Average depth
Shallow (up to 1.50m deep)
Medium (between 1.50m – 3.00m deep)
Deep (over 3.00m deep)

3. EXCAVATION WORKS Excavation works can be executed either By manual
By mechanical plant and equipment

4. EXCAVATION WORKS Examples of excavation works Excavate for topsoil
Trench excavation
Excavation for pad footing
Excavation for raft foundation

5. BARRIERS Examples for barriers on excavation works
Tripods with continuous tubular rail
Continuous rail fixed to poling boards
Close boarding
Hazards cone with metal stakes

6. GAMBAR BARRIERS DARI BUKU CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY (BIRU)
Examples for barriers on excavation works
GAMBAR BARRIERS DARI BUKU CONSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY (BIRU)

7. TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION
Timbering involved works for temporary supports to the sides of excavations.
Also known as planking and strutting.
The side of excavations will need support to:
Protect the operatives while working in the excavation.
Keep the excavation open as a retaining wall to the sides of the trench.
Retain the surrounding soils

8. TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION
Sides of excavation requires different amount of timbering.
It depends upon several factors:
The nature of the soil to be upheld
The depth of the excavation
Vibration and load from nearby traffic or other causes
Position of water tables
Climate conditions
Length the excavation to remain open

9. TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION
Examples of timbering in hard soils
EDIT GAMBAR
TAK PERLU

10. TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION
Examples of timbering in firm soils
EDIT GAMBAR
TAK PERLU

11. TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION
Examples of timbering in dry loose soils
EDIT GAMBAR
TAK PERLU

12. TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION
Examples of timbering in loose wet soils
EDIT GAMBAR
TAK PERLU

13. TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION
Adjustable metal struts
EDIT GAMBAR

14. TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION
Examples
LUKIS
SEMULA

15. TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION
Examples
LUKIS
SEMULA

16. TIMBERING OF EXCAVATION
REFERENCES
Chudley, R. and Greeno, R. (2007) Construction Technology, 4th Edition, Pearson Education Limited, England.
Chudley, R. and Greeno, R. (2006) Building Construction Handbook, 6th Edition, Butterworth-Heinemann, England.