1. Pyramid Construction
Pyramids
Square
Rectangle
Hex
Cone

2. What are they ? See some examples How do you draw them ?
Pyramid Construction
What are they ?
See some examples
How do you draw them ?

3. Pyramid Construction
What are they?
They are 3-D shapes which start off with a simple shape such as a Square at the bottom ( THE BASE ) and rise up to a point.
e.g. An Egyptian pyramid starts with a Square base

4. Pyramid Construction
Some Examples
Triangle
Hexagon
Circle
Square

5. How do you draw them ? We will start with a Square Pyramid
Pyramid Construction
How do you draw them ?
We will start with a Square Pyramid

6. The 2 drawings below both describe the Square prism shown in fig 1.
Pyramid Construction
The 2 drawings below both describe the Square prism shown in fig 1.
Complete the elevation of each drawing.
Complete the end elevation of each drawing

7. Complete the elevation of the drawing.
Pyramid Construction
Complete the elevation of the drawing.
Complete the end elevation of the drawing
Produce the surface development

8. Complete the elevation of each drawing.
Pyramid Construction
Complete the elevation of each drawing.
Complete the end elevation of each drawing
Produce the development

9. Pyramid Construction 1 2 4 3
1/4
2/3

10. Pyramid Construction 1 2 4 3 1 /4 2 /3 3 /4 1 /2

11. Pyramid Construction 1 2 4 3 1 /4 2 /3 3 /4 1 /2

12. Pyramid Construction

13. Pyramid Construction 1 2 4 3 1 /4 2 /3 3 /4 1 /2

14. Pyramid Construction 1 2 4 3 1 /4 2 /3 3 /4 1 /2 1

15. Pyramid Construction 1 1 2 4 4 3 3 2 1 /4 2 /3 3 /4 1 /2 1

16. Pyramid Construction
Outline to Finish 1 1 2 4 4 3 3 2 1 /4 2 /3 3 /4 1 /2 1

17. Pyramid Construction

18. 4 3 1 2 Front Elevation End Elevation (4) 1 (3) 2 (1) 2 (4) 3
Pyramid Construction 4 3 1 2
Front Elevation
End Elevation
(4) 1
(3) 2
(1) 2
(4) 3

19. Development of a Rectangular Pyramid
Pyramid Construction
Development of a Rectangular Pyramid
How many sides does it have? 5
4 Triangles and
1 Rectangle
Describe the shapes of the sides
Are all the triangles the same? No
Why?
Because two edges on the base are long and two are short. This creates two different sizes of triangle.

20. Pyramid Construction
The Development
Base

21. Preferred Method Why? Imagine this shape being made from sheet metal.
Pyramid Construction
Preferred Method
Why?
Imagine this shape being made from sheet metal.
Base
Less cutting
Less waste
Less joining

22. Drawing Method Step 1 - Draw the base
Pyramid Construction
Drawing Method
Step 1 - Draw the base
Step 2 requires a True Length which isn’t on the drawing and has to be created

23. Construct the True Length
Pyramid Construction
Step 3
Construct the True Length
Front Elevation
Because your eye is at right angles to the red line in the plan, the red line in the Front Elevation is a true length
True length

24. Using the True Length Step 4
Pyramid Construction
Using the True Length
True length
Step 4
Use the true length to construct the four sides

25. Pyramid Construction

26. Solid Hexagonal Pyramid Multi-View
Pyramid Construction
Solid Hexagonal Pyramid Multi-View

27. Pyramid Construction
Drawing the Plan View 1 2 6 3 5 4
3/2
4/1
5/6

28. Drawing the End Elevation View
Pyramid Construction
Drawing the End Elevation View 1 2 6 3 5 4
3/2
4/1
5/6 4
5/3
6/2 1

29. Drawing the Surface Development
Pyramid Construction
Drawing the Surface Development
Use a compass and lift the true length of the pyramid edge.
Draw a horizontal and vertical centre line to indicate the apex of the surface development
Draw a large Arc with the compass set to the true length.
Draw a line between the apex and the arc. This is the first edge
Use a compass and lift the length of side from the plan
Transfer this size to successive points on the arc. At each mark draw a line across.
Draw a straight line between the arc points.
Now draw, using a 30o/600 set square, one hexagon in the positions shown.

30. Pyramid Construction
Outline to Finish 6 1 2 3 4 5
5/6
4/1
3/2
5/3
6/2

31. Pyramid Construction

32. Cut Square Pyramid - Question
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Cut Square Pyramid - Question
The given views show the Front Elevation and unfinished Plan of a cut square pyramid.
Draw the following views :-
The completed Plan
End Elevation
Surface Development of sides
True Shape of cut

33. Finding Position of End Elevation
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Finding Position of End Elevation
Using the Plan and the Front Elevation project the position of the End Elevation and show the slope of the sides. 1 2
Number each of the points in each view. 4 3 1 /4 2 /3 3 /4 1 /2

34. Finding Position of cut on End Elevation
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Department of Technological Education
Finding Position of cut on End Elevation
Project from the Front Elevation to find the cut surface on the End Elevation. 1 2
Darken the outlines on the End Elevation. 4 3 1 /4 2 /3 3 /4 1 /2

35. Finding Position of cut on Plan
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Finding Position of cut on Plan
Project from the Front Elevation to find the cut surface on the Plan. 1 2
Darken the outlines on the Plan. 4 3 3 /2 1 /4 1 /4 2 /3

36. Finding True Length of pyramid corner
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Finding True Length of pyramid corner
Before the Development can be drawn it is necessary to find out the True Length of the corner of the pyramid so that accurate sizes for the development and the cut points can be found 1 2 3 /3 /2 1 /4
Draw a curve on the plan with the centre being located at the centre of the pyramid, the radius being measured at one of the corners, and the end point of the curve being the centre line. 4
Project the point found onto the Elevation baseline and draw a generator to the apex of the pyramid. 1 /4
Project the cut points from the elevation onto this True Length line.

37. Drawing the outline of the Development
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Drawing the outline of the Development
Indicate where the development is going to be placed, and then draw the first generator to indicate one corner of the pyramid. 1 2 1 3 4
Measure the length of the corner of the pyramid using the True Length line and draw a curve on the Development at this size. 2
Step off the length of each of the sides of the pyramid onto the Development. 3
Draw generators to each of these points to indicate the fold lines
Number each of the points. 1 /4 2 /3 3 /4 1 /2 4 1

38. Drawing the cut on the Development
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Drawing the cut on the Development
Step off from the True Length line the distance from the apex of the pyramid to each cut point and transfer these sizes to the correct generators on the Development. 1 4 /4 2 3 /3 /2 1 /4 1 2
Join each of the points to show the developed shape of the cut. Also add the flat edges to the base of the pyramid on the Development. 3
Darken the outlines on the Development.
Add the fold lines to complete the view. 4 1

39. Drawing the True Shape Department of Technological Education
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Drawing the True Shape
To find the True Shape, project the cut points away from the Front Elevation at right angles to the cut. 1 2 1 2 3 4
Draw a datum line on the True Shape parallel to the cut line of the Front Elevation and at right angles to the lines just projected. Use the centre line of the plan as a datum line. 4 3 1 /4 2 /3 3 /2
Measure the vertical distances from the datum to each of the cut points on the plan. Transfer each of these sizes on to the True Shape.
Join each of the points found to produce the True Shape. Complete the view by darkening the outlines.

40. Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Cut cone
The given views show the Front Elevation and part Plan of a cut cone.
Draw the following views :-
Complete Plan
End Elevation
Development
True Shape of cut

41. Finding position of End Elevation
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Finding position of End Elevation
Start drawing the End Elevation by projecting the height and width from the given views.

42. Drawing Generators on Plan
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Drawing Generators on Plan
Use 30o and 60o lines to divide the Plan into 12 equal parts. 11 12 1 10 2
Number each of the points on the Plan. 9 3 8 4 7 5 6

43. Transfer Generators from Plan to Elevation
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Transfer Generators from Plan to Elevation
Project each of the points from the Plan onto the Elevation base. 11 12 1 10 2 9
Number each of the points on the Elevation making sure that the numbers correspond with those on the Plan. 3 8 4 7 5 6 10 11 12 1 2 9 3 8 7 6 5 4

44. Drawing generator on Elevation
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Drawing generator on Elevation
Draw generators from the apex of the cone to each of the points found on the base of the cone. 1 2 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

45. Drawing generators onto End Elevation
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Drawing generators onto End Elevation
Project the position of the generators onto the End Elevation by projecting the points from the Plan. 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 1
Number each of the points on the End Elevation.
Draw generators from the apex to the base. 9 1 8 7 2 6 5 4 3 7 8 9 10 11 6 12 5 4 3 2 1

46. Finding cut points on End Elevation
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Finding cut points on End Elevation
Project the points where the generators on the Elevation cross the cut onto the End Elevation. 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Mark each of the points found with a small dot. 9 1 8 7 2 6 5 4 3 6 5 8 4 3 10 2 11 1 12 7 9

47. Completing End Elevation
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Completing End Elevation
Complete the End Elevation by drawing a smooth curve through each of the point and then darkening the other outlines on the view. 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 9 3 8 4 7 5 6 9 1 8 7 2 6 5 4 3 6 5 8 4 3 10 2 11 1 12 7 9

48. Finding cut points on Plan
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Finding cut points on Plan
Project the points from the cut on the Elevation up to the correct generator lines on the Plan.
(Note that points 6 and 12 will not be able to be found at this time.) 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 9 3 8 4 7 5 6 9 1 8 7 2 6 5 4 3
Mark each of the points found with a small dot 6 5 8 4 3 10 2 11 1 12 7 9

49. Finding points 6 and 12 on Plan (alternative 1)
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Finding points 6 and 12 on Plan (alternative 1)
Project point 6 and 12 onto the outside generator on the Elevation. 1 2 1 1 1 1 9 8 2
Project this point up to the centre line of the Plan. 3 4 7 5 6
Use compasses to rotate this point onto the correct generators for points 6 and 12.
Mark each of these points with a small dot 9 1 8 7 2 6 1 2 7 3 8 9 1 1 1 6 5 1 2 5 4 4 3 2 1

50. Finding points 6 and 12 on Plan (alternative 2)
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Finding points 6 and 12 on Plan (alternative 2)
Project points 6 and 12 from the End Elevation onto the correct generators on the Plan. 1 2 1 9 8 1 2 3 7 6 5 4 8 4 3 2 1 9 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 7 3 8 9 1 1 1 6 5 1 2

51. Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Completing Plan
To complete the Plan draw a smooth curve through each of the 12 points found. 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 9 3 8 4 7 5 6 9 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 7 3 8 9 1 1 1 6 8 7 6 5 4 5 1 2 4 3 2 1

52. Development of surface (1)
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Department of Technological Education
Development of surface (1)
Mark the position where the apex of the Development will be placed. 1 2 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 9
Draw the first generator. 10 11
Draw the base line of the Development. 12
Step off the size to each generator point along the base. 1 2
Number each of the points found. 3
Draw generator lines from the apex to each of the points on the base. 4 5 6 7 9 8

53. Development of surface (2)
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Development of surface (2)
It is necessary to find the ‘true length’ of the cut points along each generator.
To find these sizes project a line through each point on the cut of the Elevation to the outside generator. 1 2 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 6 7 5 8 4 9 3 1 2 9 1 8 7 2 6
Mark each of the found points with a small dot. 1 2 3 5 4

54. Development of surface (3)
Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
Development of surface (3)
Measure the distance from the apex to each point on the outside generator. 1 2 1 1 1 1 9 2
Transfer this size to the correct generator on the Development. 1 9 3 1 1 8 4 1 2
Mark each point with a small dot. 7 5 6 1
Draw a smooth curve through each point found. 2 3 4
Darken each of the other outlines on the Development. 5 6 7 9 1 1 1 1 2 1 2 7 3 8 9 1 1 1 8 6 5 1 2 9 8 7 6 5 4 4 3 2 1

55. Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
True Shape of cut (1)
Project each of the points on the cut of the Elevation away at right angles to the cut surface. 9 10 8 11 1 2 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 7 12 6 1 5 9 1 2 4 3
Draw a datum line on the True Shape – in this case the centre line has been chosen. 1 2 8 7 6 5 4 3 9
Number each of the lines projected up to the True Shape.

56. Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
True Shape of cut (2)
Measure the sizes from the cut points to the centre line on the Plan and transfer each of these sizes to the correct lines on the True Shape.
Note – These sizes can also be measured from the End Elevation.
Mark each of the points with a small dot. 9 10 8 11 1 2 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 7 12 6 1 5 9 2 4 1 3 1 1 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 9 8

57. Pyramid Construction
Department of Technological Education
True Shape of cut (3)
To finish the True Shape draw a smooth curve through each of the points found. 1 2 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 11 12 10
The final drawing should look like this.

58. Pyramid Construction

59. Pyramid Construction
SUMMARY

60. Pyramid Construction

61. Pyramid Construction