1. Corruption Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 11 th November, 2012 @ A1, UGBS

2. The poorest countries of the world Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 11 th november, 2012 @ A1, UGBS

3. Background Zimbabwe 100 billion dollar is not even enough to buy a loaf of bread. Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 11 th november, 2012 @ A1, UGBS

4. Background Afghanistan Afghanistan has 28 million people is the worlds' largest exporter of heroin Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 11 th november, 2012 @ A1, UGBS

5. Background Central African Republic entirely dependent on foreign aid and NGOs. It's self-sufficient when it comes to food but has malnutrition and famine because farm owners rather sell their products to other foreign countries. Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 11 th november, 2012 @ A1, UGBS

6. Background Burundi known for its wars. has the highest percentage of HIV and AIDS, poor access to education and corruption. majority of children suffer from chronic malnutrition. Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 11 th november, 2012 @ A1, UGBS

7. Background DR Congo 2 nd largest country in Africa by area and the eleventh largest in the world. has the world's second-highest rate of infant mortality. More children under the age of five years old die from pneumonia Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 11 th november, 2012 @ A1, UGBS

8. Background Eritrea has 824 schools and two universities. Illiteracy is one of their biggest problems. Their economy is largely based on agriculture; about 80% of the people are involved in farming and herding. Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 11 th november, 2012 @ A1, UGBS

9. Background Niger Economy centres on subsistence crops, livestock and some of the world's largest uranium deposits. Drought and food crises are common. People die of diarrhoea, hepatitis A, malaria, typhoid fever and meningococcal meningitis Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 11 th november, 2012 @ A1, UGBS

10. Background Liberia high unemployment rate and noted for blood diamonds during the civil war. Diamond exports are banned by UN. Education sector is hampered by inadequate schools and supplies, as well as a lack of qualified teachers. Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 11 th november, 2012 @ A1, UGBS

11. Background Sierra Leone population is about 6.4 million; about 66% adults are illiterate. 50 000 people were killed in the country's civil war, leaving the people even poorer than ever. Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 11 th november, 2012 @ A1, UGBS

12. Background Sierra Leone Poverty. Majority of women in Somalia are unemployed. pregnancy and poverty are the main factors that contribute too poverty. Pirating Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 11 th november, 2012 @ A1, UGBS

13. corruption Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 11 th november, 2012 @ A1, UGBS

14. Point of emphasis corruption cost the continent roughly $283 billion a year. AU (2008) Developed countries gave $22.5 billion in aid to sub-Saharan Africa (OECD,2008). Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 1st september, 2011 @ A1, UGBS

15. Enabling factors of corruption Low political competition Low and uneven economic growth A weak civil society Weak institutional mechanisms Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 1st september, 2011 @ A1, UGBS

16. Personal motivations for corruption Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 11 th november, 2012 @ A1, UGBS

17. Why people offer unfair advantage of others in terms of Lower taxes Get appointment or promotion To win contracts To get things done quickly To avoid fines or penalties Other reasons Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 1st september, 2011 @ A1, UGBS

18. Why people seek For special reasons known only to them to use for patronage corrupt benefits serve as insurance when they fear loss of office To maintain their standards of living Resentment over bad management or poor pay levels Suspicion and threat from corrupt colleagues Status Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 1st september, 2011 @ A1, UGBS

19. Bad systems Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 11 th november, 2012 @ A1, UGBS

20. Bad systems The underlying reason that people get involved in corruption is that systems don’t work well and create bad incentives. Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 1st september, 2011 @ A1, UGBS

21. Causes of corruption 1.Clear opportunity 2.Little chance of getting caught Poor accountability Lack of transparency Poor monitoring and supervision 4. Poor conditions of service 5.Unbearable circumstances /illegitimate laws 6.Poor ethics 7.Poor incentives to fight corruption Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 1st september, 2011 @ A1, UGBS

22. Causes of corruption 8.Lack of political commitment 9.Weak legal and institutional environment 10.Over politicization 11. socio-cultural practices / pressure 12.Over -bureaucratization 13.Desire to get rich quick 14.Poverty 15.Greed 16.etc Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 1st september, 2011 @ A1, UGBS

23. Addressing corruption The NIS Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 11 th november, 2012 @ A1, UGBS

24. Structures of an Integrity system Legal and political structures have to be built upon five mutually supporting strategic pillars and values, which are: Impartiality and objectivity. Integrity. Transparency. Accountability. Public trust. Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 1st september, 2011 @ A1, UGBS

25. Institutions in NIS 1.Executive 2.Legislature 3.Electoral commission 4.Political Party systems, funding and expenditure 5.Supreme audit Institution 6.Judiciary 7.Civil service 8.Police and Prosecutor Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 1st september, 2011 @ A1, UGBS

26. Institutions in NIS 9. Public prosecutor 10. Watchdog agencies 11. Provedor (ombudsman) 12. Media 13. Civil society 14. Local government Nana Nimo Appiah-Agyekum (nananimo@email.com, Office: GB S9)nananimo@email.com Thursday, 1st september, 2011 @ A1, UGBS