1. Dr Hii Hnn-Hui 10th September 2003
Diagnosis and Prescriptions of National Innovation System: Case of Malaysia
Dr Hii Hnn-Hui
10th September 2003 1

2. Agenda Modest Commercialisation Rates: Root Causes
Key Findings of Commercialisation Survey
Current Gaps in the National Innovation System
Strategic Roadmap: Way Forward for Malaysia

3. Commercialization Activity in Universities
Commercialisation is on the Rise in Universities..
Commercialization Activity in Universities
MIT
University of Texas
University of Alberta
National University of Singapore
Considered one of the most successful universities globally for commercialization technologies, it annually churns out
new inventions
100 licenses
25 start-ups
Earmarked around USD 14M to rev up its commercialization efforts
Since 1987 the university has spawned 34 start-ups
Licenses more than 89 technologies to a variety of companies
One of the most successful universities in Canada for commercializing technology
NUS Enterprise was established in 2001 to commercialize university research
300 patents have been granted to date
More than 100 licenses issued
Generated more than USD 21M in annual licensing revenues
Generated USD 2.2M in annual licensing revenues
Generated USD 3.1M in annual licensing revenues
Generated USD 700K in annual licensing revenues
Overall, Technology Commercialization Contributed More Than USD 40 Billion And Directly Supported 250,000 Jobs In North America
Source: Association of university technology managers survey; NUS enterprise brochure

4. Malaysia’s Commercialisation Rate Still Modest
Strong interest in commercialization among Malaysian researchers…
…has yet to translate into high results
Percent of respondents answering yes in the National Survey Of Public Research Commercialization conducted by MOSTE in 2003
Low number of patents…
Malaysia
Australia US
S. Korea
82%
Patent applications per million population
8.8
546
623
1561
80%
78%
Modest commercialization success…
Only 5.1% of 5232 R&D projects implemented during the 7th and 8th Malaysian plan were considered commercialized
However, the commercialization has not resulted in any significant licensing revenues for the universities
No R&D output from universities/institutes has been commercialized yet on a national scale
“ I would like to learn more about how I can commercialize my findings
“Research leading to commercialization is important”
“I should generate tangible outputs from public research”
Source: MASTIC; BDU; A.T. Kearney analysis

5. 8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE 9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Root Cause Analysis
10. FEASIBILITY STUDIES
8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE
6. REWARD & INCENTIVES
4. MANPOWER
2. COMMERCIAL AWARENESS
WHY COMMERCIALISATION OF PUBLIC RESEARCH IS MODEST IN MALAYSIA?
1. FUNDING MECHANISM
3. RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
5. RESEARCH FOCUS
7. INDUSTRY LINKAGE
9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Source : Dr H-H. HII

6. 9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE 8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE
Root Cause Analysis #1
WHY COMMERCIALISATION OF PUBLIC RESEARCH IS MODEST IN MALAYSIA?
1. FUNDING MECHANISM
3. RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
5. RESEARCH FOCUS
7. INDUSTRY LINKAGE
9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
2. COMMERCIAL AWARENESS
4. MANPOWER
6. REWARD & INCENTIVES
8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE
10. FEASIBILITY STUDIES
Funding mechanism NOT conducive to commercialisation..
1. Lack of pre-seed funding
2. Commercial outputs not an explicit criteria in IRPA
3. Lack of accountability due to lenient progress monitoring
4. Perception that IRPA is relatively easy to get
Source : Dr H-H. HII

7. 8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE 9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Root Cause Analysis #2
10. FEASIBILITY STUDIES
8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE
6. REWARD & INCENTIVES
4. MANPOWER
Researchers not aware of the commercial potential of their findings..
1. Commercialisation not a key concern in their work
2. Do not have a desire to pursue commercial applications
3. Do not have the requisite skill-sets for detecting a commercial opportunity
2. COMMERCIAL AWARENESS
WHY COMMERCIALISATION OF PUBLIC RESEARCH IS MODEST IN MALAYSIA?
1. FUNDING MECHANISM
3. RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
5. RESEARCH FOCUS
7. INDUSTRY LINKAGE
9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Source : Dr H-H. HII

8. 8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE 9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Root Cause Analysis #3
10. FEASIBILITY STUDIES
8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE
Lack of good Research Management practices in universities and PRIs..
1. Shortage of commercialisation expertise
2. Shortage of Project Manager with sound commercial skills
6. REWARD & INCENTIVES
4. MANPOWER
2. COMMERCIAL AWARENESS
WHY COMMERCIALISATION OF PUBLIC RESEARCH IS MODEST IN MALAYSIA?
1. FUNDING MECHANISM
3. RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
5. RESEARCH FOCUS
7. INDUSTRY LINKAGE
9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Source : Dr H-H. HII

9. 8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE 9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Root Cause Analysis #4
10. FEASIBILITY STUDIES
8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE
6. REWARD & INCENTIVES
4. MANPOWER
2. COMMERCIAL AWARENESS
Manpower constraint..
1. Severe lack of S&T personnel, affect smooth adsorption, utilisation, generation and diffusion of innovations (15.3 S&T worker per 10,000 FY00)
2. Lack of S&T personnel with commercialisation training and exposure
3. Lack of good Technology Transfer officers in universities and PRIs
WHY COMMERCIALISATION OF PUBLIC RESEARCH IS MODEST IN MALAYSIA?
1. FUNDING MECHANISM
3. RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
5. RESEARCH FOCUS
7. INDUSTRY LINKAGE
9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Source : Dr H-H. HII

10. 8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE 9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Root Cause Analysis #5
10. FEASIBILITY STUDIES
Research focus mainly publications driven..
1. Lack of commercially oriented research
2. Researchers’ duties spread over (teaching, supervision, publications etc.), not much time for commercialisation
3. “Publish or parish” culture persists
4. Interested in publications mainly
8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE
6. REWARD & INCENTIVES
4. MANPOWER
2. COMMERCIAL AWARENESS
WHY COMMERCIALISATION OF PUBLIC RESEARCH IS MODEST IN MALAYSIA?
1. FUNDING MECHANISM
3. RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
5. RESEARCH FOCUS
7. INDUSTRY LINKAGE
9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Source : Dr H-H. HII

11. 8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE 9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Root Cause Analysis #6
10. FEASIBILITY STUDIES
8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE
6. REWARD & INCENTIVES
4. MANPOWER
2. COMMERCIAL AWARENESS
Lack of clear incentives and rewards to stimulate commercialisation..
1. Pay and reward system inappropriate to stimulate creativity for research and commercialisation
2. Little incentives for commercialisation
3. Braindrain effect taking toll
WHY COMMERCIALISATION OF PUBLIC RESEARCH IS MODEST IN MALAYSIA?
1. FUNDING MECHANISM
3. RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
5. RESEARCH FOCUS
7. INDUSTRY LINKAGE
9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Source : Dr H-H. HII

12. 8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE 9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Root Cause Analysis #7
10. FEASIBILITY STUDIES
Paucity of networking mechanism linking the key parties together in commercialising research findings..
1. Researchers find it hard to seek and entice collaboration partners
2. Limited links to industry
3. Poor marketing of research findings to business community
8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE
6. REWARD & INCENTIVES
4. MANPOWER
2. COMMERCIAL AWARENESS
WHY COMMERCIALISATION OF PUBLIC RESEARCH IS MODEST IN MALAYSIA?
1. FUNDING MECHANISM
3. RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
5. RESEARCH FOCUS
7. INDUSTRY LINKAGE
9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Source : Dr H-H. HII

13. 8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE 9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Root Cause Analysis #8
10. FEASIBILITY STUDIES
8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE
6. REWARD & INCENTIVES
4. MANPOWER
2. COMMERCIAL AWARENESS
Innovation infrastructure suffers from systemic weakness, pockets of excellence exist..
1. Lack of ‘Centres of Competence’ in S&T and Engineering
2. “Hardware is good, Software is modest..”
WHY COMMERCIALISATION OF PUBLIC RESEARCH IS MODEST IN MALAYSIA?
1. FUNDING MECHANISM
3. RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
5. RESEARCH FOCUS
7. INDUSTRY LINKAGE
9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Source : Dr H-H. HII

14. 8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE 9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Root Cause Analysis #9
10. FEASIBILITY STUDIES
8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE
6. REWARD & INCENTIVES
Limited diffusion mechanism for accelerating adoption of technologies..
1. Lack of good Technology Transfer Agencies
2. Shortage of Technology Brokers
3. Both lacking in the market and not linked into universities and PRIs
4. MANPOWER
2. COMMERCIAL AWARENESS
WHY COMMERCIALISATION OF PUBLIC RESEARCH IS MODEST IN MALAYSIA?
1. FUNDING MECHANISM
3. RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
5. RESEARCH FOCUS
7. INDUSTRY LINKAGE
9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Source : Dr H-H. HII

15. 8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE 9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Root Cause Analysis #10
10. FEASIBILITY STUDIES
8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE
6. REWARD & INCENTIVES
Feasibility studies on marketable outputs seldom conducted..
1. Commercial partners rarely involved in initial planning of R&D project
2. Researchers seldom conduct market feasibility studies prior to commencement of R&D
4. MANPOWER
2. COMMERCIAL AWARENESS
WHY COMMERCIALISATION OF PUBLIC RESEARCH IS MODEST IN MALAYSIA?
1. FUNDING MECHANISM
3. RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
5. RESEARCH FOCUS
7. INDUSTRY LINKAGE
9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Source : Dr H-H. HII

16. How do we test these hypotheses?
National Survey of Public Research Commercialisation conducted in Feb-June 2003
Sample: 23 Universities and Research Institutes
Objectives of Survey
To determine the barriers to successful commercialisation
To gather feedback on Role of Government in enhancing commercialisation

17. Sampling Frame

18. Agenda Modest Commercialisation Rates: Root Causes
Key Findings of Commercialisation Survey
Current Gaps in the National Innovation System
Strategic Roadmap: Way Forward for Malaysia

19. Strong Evidence in 4 Key Factors
10. FEASIBILITY STUDIES
8. INNOVATION INFRASTRUCTURE
6. REWARD & INCENTIVES
4. MANPOWER
2. COMMERCIAL AWARENESS
WHY COMMERCIALISATION OF PUBLIC RESEARCH IS MODEST IN MALAYSIA?
1. FUNDING MECHANISM
3. RESEARCH MANAGEMENT
5. RESEARCH FOCUS
7. INDUSTRY LINKAGE
9. DIFFUSION OF NEW S&T KNOWLEDGE
Source : Dr H-H. HII

20. Key Findings #1: S&T Manpower
B31: “There’s a lack of people with business building competence involved in commercialization initiatives…” % Strongly Agree/Agree (+)
Source : Analysis of Questionnaire Responses, Dr H-H. HII

21. Key Findings #1: S&T Manpower
B29: “There needs to be a concerted effort to attract world class talents in the short and medium term to raise the standards of research in our country” % Strongly Agree/Agree (+)
Source : Analysis of Questionnaire Responses, Dr H-H. HII

22. Key Findings #1: S&T Manpower
B30: “There needs to be a focused initiative to attract and retain overseas Malaysian S&T personnel in the long run”.
72% Strongly Agree/Agree (+)
Source : Analysis of Questionnaire Responses, Dr H-H. HII

23. Key Findings #1: S&T Manpower
B27: “There is a severe lack of S&T personnel with the required skills in our country” % Strongly Agree/Agree (+)
Source : Analysis of Questionnaire Responses, Dr H-H. HII

24. Key Findings #2: Linkages & Networking
B8: “Marketing of my research findings to industry is not a requirement in my job ” % Strongly Agree/Agree (+)
Source : Analysis of Questionnaire Responses, Dr H-H. HII

25. Key Findings #2: Linkages & Networking
B9: “Dissemination of research results in academic journal is my main purpose” % Strongly Disagree/Disagree (-)
Source : Analysis of Questionnaire Responses, Dr H-H. HII

26. Key Findings #2: Linkages & Networking
B32: “It is difficult to find partners for collaborative research ” % Strongly Agree/Agree (~~)
Source : Analysis of Questionnaire Responses, Dr H-H. HII

27. Key Findings #3 Infrastructure
B21: “We need to build a critical mass of Center of Excellence in our country to raise the productivity and quality of our research outputs.” % Strongly Agree/Agree (+)
Source : Analysis of Questionnaire Responses, Dr H-H. HII

28. Key Findings #3 Infrastructure
B20: “There is a need to forge industrial clusters in Malaysia to generate systemic networking leading to innovations.” % Strongly Agree/Agree (+)
Source : Analysis of Questionnaire Responses, Dr H-H. HII

29. Key Findings #3 Infrastructure
B22: “In terms of R&D and Commercialization infrastructure, we have good hardware (institutions & funding mechanisms) but poor software (culture & manpower quality).” % Strongly Agree/Agree (+)
Source : Analysis of Questionnaire Responses, Dr H-H. HII

30. Key Findings #4 Diffusion of S&T Knowledge
B26: “We do not know what technology transfer mechanisms are available.” % Strongly Agree/Agree (+)
Source : Analysis of Questionnaire Responses, Dr H-H. HII

31. Key Findings #4 Diffusion of S&T Knowledge
B25: “We do not have good access to Technology Transfer organizations.” % Strongly Agree/Agree (+)
Source : Analysis of Questionnaire Responses, Dr H-H. HII

32. Key Findings #4 Diffusion of S&T Knowledge
B24: “There is a lack of good Technology Brokers in the market.” % Strongly Agree/Agree (+)
Source : Analysis of Questionnaire Responses, Dr H-H. HII

33. Key Challenges Faced in Commercialisation
Top 4 Challenges: Finding the right management team; Access to funding; Support for business plan and marketing plan; 4. Market penetration

34. Intensity of Commercialisation

35. Researchers’ Feedback on Commercialisation

36. Agenda Modest Commercialisation Rates: Root Causes
Key Findings of Commercialisation Survey
Current Gaps in the National Innovation System
Strategic Roadmap: Way Forward for Malaysia

37. Simplified Commercialisation Process
National Innovation System
Output
Infrastructure
Funding
Manpower
Patents
Licenses
Spin-offs
Input
Universities
Industry
IP Lawyers
Government
Policy

38. Malaysia’s National Innovation System
POLICY
INFRASTR.
MID-STREAM R&D
COMMERCIALISATION
Basic Research
Applied Research
Pdt / Proc Dev.
Pilot Production
Mfg.
Technical Services
Physical / Manpower
Policy Tools
Focus
UNIVERSITIES
NATIONAL INSTITUTES
(mission oriented)
MIMOS / SIRIM / MPOB / IMR / MINT..
TECHNOLOGY PARKS / INCUBATORS
UKM-MTDC, UM-MTDC, UPM-MTDC, UTM-MTDC, UUM-MTDC, MSC INCUBATOR ETC..
STATE PARTICIPATED INDUSTRIES
INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES
MNCs
IP LAWYERS
FINANCIERS
RESEARCH
Instns.
MOE
MOSTE
MITI
MTDC
MiGHT
MDC
SMIDEC
ASSOCS.
INVESTORS
PATENT OFFICE
BANKS
ANGELS

39. Malaysia’s National Innovation System
POLICY
INFRASTR.
MID-STREAM R&D
COMMERCIALISATION
Basic Research
Applied Research
Pdt / Proc Dev.
Pilot Production
Mfg.
Technical Services
Physical / Manpower
Policy Tools
Focus
UNIVERSITIES
NATIONAL INSTITUTES
(mission oriented)
MIMOS / SIRIM / MPOB / IMR / MINT..
TECHNOLOGY PARKS / INCUBATORS
UKM-MTDC, UM-MTDC, UPM-MTDC, UTM-MTDC, UUM-MTDC, MSC INCUBATOR ETC..
STATE PARTICIPATED INDUSTRIES
INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES
MNCs
IP LAWYERS
FINANCIERS
RESEARCH
Instns.
MOE
MOSTE
MITI
MTDC
MiGHT
MDC
SMIDEC
ASSOCS.
INVESTORS
PATENT OFFICE
BANKS
ANGELS
#2. RESEARCH QUALITY
#3. S&T MANPOWER
#1. INDUSTRY-ACADEMIA-GOVT. LINKAGE
#4. IP POLICY
#5. SEED FUNDING

40. Agenda Modest Commercialisation Rates: Root Causes
Key Findings of Commercialisation Survey
Current Gaps in the National Innovation System
Strategic Roadmap: Way Forward for Malaysia

41. Strategic Roadmap
POLICY
INFRASTR.
MID-STREAM R&D
COMMERCIALISATION
Basic Research
Applied Research
Pdt / Proc Dev.
Pilot Production
Mfg.
Technical Services
Physical / Manpower
Policy Tools
Focus
UNIVERSITIES
NATIONAL INSTITUTES
(mission oriented)
MIMOS / SIRIM / MPOB / IMR / MINT..
TECHNOLOGY PARKS / INCUBATORS
UKM-MTDC, UM-MTDC, UPM-MTDC, UTM-MTDC, UUM-MTDC, MSC INCUBATOR ETC..
STATE PARTICIPATED INDUSTRIES
INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES
MNCs
IP LAWYERS
FINANCIERS
RESEARCH
Instns.
MOE
MOSTE
MITI
MTDC
MiGHT
MDC
SMIDEC
ASSOCS.
INVESTORS
PATENT OFFICE
BANKS
ANGELS
#2. RESEARCH QUALITY
#3. S&T MANPOWER
1.Formation of One-stop commercialisation agency within MOSTE to facilitate transfer of prototype technologies to Malaysian industry
2.Expand existing initiatives aimed at industry-academia collaboration
#1. INDUSTRY-ACADEMIA-GOVT. LINKAGE
#4. IP POLICY
#5. SEED FUNDING

42. Strategic Roadmap
POLICY
INFRASTR.
MID-STREAM R&D
COMMERCIALISATION
Basic Research
Applied Research
Pdt / Proc Dev.
Pilot Production
Mfg.
Technical Services
Physical / Manpower
Policy Tools
Focus
UNIVERSITIES
NATIONAL INSTITUTES
(mission oriented)
MIMOS / SIRIM / MPOB / IMR / MINT..
TECHNOLOGY PARKS / INCUBATORS
UKM-MTDC, UM-MTDC, UPM-MTDC, UTM-MTDC, UUM-MTDC, MSC INCUBATOR ETC..
STATE PARTICIPATED INDUSTRIES
INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES
MNCs
IP LAWYERS
FINANCIERS
RESEARCH
Instns.
MOE
MOSTE
MITI
MTDC
MiGHT
MDC
SMIDEC
ASSOCS.
INVESTORS
PATENT OFFICE
BANKS
ANGELS
#2. RESEARCH QUALITY
#3. S&T MANPOWER
Conduct Annual “Research Assessment Exercise” to monitor and upgrade the quality of R&D
#1. INDUSTRY-ACADEMIA-GOVT. LINKAGE
#4. IP POLICY
#5. SEED FUNDING

43. Strategic Roadmap
POLICY
INFRASTR.
MID-STREAM R&D
COMMERCIALISATION
Basic Research
Applied Research
Pdt / Proc Dev.
Pilot Production
Mfg.
Technical Services
Physical / Manpower
Policy Tools
Focus
UNIVERSITIES
NATIONAL INSTITUTES
(mission oriented)
MIMOS / SIRIM / MPOB / IMR / MINT..
TECHNOLOGY PARKS / INCUBATORS
UKM-MTDC, UM-MTDC, UPM-MTDC, UTM-MTDC, UUM-MTDC, MSC INCUBATOR ETC..
STATE PARTICIPATED INDUSTRIES
INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES
MNCs
IP LAWYERS
FINANCIERS
RESEARCH
Instns.
MOE
MOSTE
MITI
MTDC
MiGHT
MDC
SMIDEC
ASSOCS.
INVESTORS
PATENT OFFICE
BANKS
ANGELS
#2. RESEARCH QUALITY
#3. S&T MANPOWER
1.Attract high-quality S&T manpower regardless of their nationality
2.Look into “dual ladder” career for academics showing great research potential
#1. INDUSTRY-ACADEMIA-GOVT. LINKAGE
#4. IP POLICY
#5. SEED FUNDING

44. Strategic Roadmap
POLICY
INFRASTR.
MID-STREAM R&D
COMMERCIALISATION
Basic Research
Applied Research
Pdt / Proc Dev.
Pilot Production
Mfg.
Technical Services
Physical / Manpower
Policy Tools
Focus
UNIVERSITIES
NATIONAL INSTITUTES
(mission oriented)
MIMOS / SIRIM / MPOB / IMR / MINT..
TECHNOLOGY PARKS / INCUBATORS
UKM-MTDC, UM-MTDC, UPM-MTDC, UTM-MTDC, UUM-MTDC, MSC INCUBATOR ETC..
STATE PARTICIPATED INDUSTRIES
INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES
MNCs
IP LAWYERS
FINANCIERS
RESEARCH
Instns.
MOE
MOSTE
MITI
MTDC
MiGHT
MDC
SMIDEC
ASSOCS.
INVESTORS
PATENT OFFICE
BANKS
ANGELS
#2. RESEARCH QUALITY
#3. S&T MANPOWER
1.Harmonise the national guidelines on Intellectual Property
2.Enhance efficiency of Patent Office by increasing quality Patent Officers and Examiners
#1. INDUSTRY-ACADEMIA-GOVT. LINKAGE
#4. IP POLICY
#5. SEED FUNDING

45. Strategic Roadmap
POLICY
INFRASTR.
MID-STREAM R&D
COMMERCIALISATION
Basic Research
Applied Research
Pdt / Proc Dev.
Pilot Production
Mfg.
Technical Services
Physical / Manpower
Policy Tools
Focus
UNIVERSITIES
NATIONAL INSTITUTES
(mission oriented)
MIMOS / SIRIM / MPOB / IMR / MINT..
TECHNOLOGY PARKS / INCUBATORS
UKM-MTDC, UM-MTDC, UPM-MTDC, UTM-MTDC, UUM-MTDC, MSC INCUBATOR ETC..
STATE PARTICIPATED INDUSTRIES
INDUSTRIAL COMPANIES
MNCs
IP LAWYERS
FINANCIERS
RESEARCH
Instns.
MOE
MOSTE
MITI
MTDC
MiGHT
MDC
SMIDEC
ASSOCS.
INVESTORS
PATENT OFFICE
BANKS
ANGELS
#2. RESEARCH QUALITY
#3. S&T MANPOWER
Create fund for Pre-seed stage activities to support: proof-of concept, upscaling, prototyping, market surveysm, IP assessments and so forth.
#1. INDUSTRY-ACADEMIA-GOVT. LINKAGE
#4. IP POLICY
#5. SEED FUNDING

46. Business Development Unit
terima kasih ! thank you
Dr Hii Hnn-Hui
Business Development Unit
Ministry of Science, Technology and the Environment, Malaysia
Tel: 1