1. Energy Flow in Ecosystems

2. Components of an Ecosystem living and non-living things interact with each other in an ecosystemliving and non-living things interact with each other in an ecosystem –biomass – total mass of all living matter in an area –abiotic factors – non-living things –biotic factors – living things

3. Abiotic Factors The four major abiotic components are: a. climate b. soil, dead material, and rock c. topography d. natural disturbances

4. Biotic Factors Biotic factors are anything that is living: a. plants b. animals c. microscopic organisms

5. Abiotic Factors Find the abiotic and biotic factors

6. Biotic Factors Find the abiotic and biotic factors

7. Energy Roles Energy enters an ecosystem as sunlightEnergy enters an ecosystem as sunlight Energy flows through an ecosystem in a cycleEnergy flows through an ecosystem in a cycle Each organism has a role to play in this energy flowEach organism has a role to play in this energy flow –Producer –Consumer –Decomposer

8. Producers Autotrophs Producers make their own food and are the source of all the energy in an ecosystemProducers make their own food and are the source of all the energy in an ecosystem AutotrophsAutotrophs –Plants, algae, grass, trees, flowers, bacteria, plankton

9. Producers

10. Consumers Heterotrophs Cannot make their own foodCannot make their own food Get their energy from consuming other organismsGet their energy from consuming other organisms HeterotrophsHeterotrophs –herbivores –carnivores –omnivores

11. Consumer - Herbivore

12. Consumer - Carnivore

13. Consumer - Omnivore

14. Decomposers and Scavengers Decomposers break down waste and return the raw materials into the soilDecomposers break down waste and return the raw materials into the soil Waste and dead organisms must be removed from the environmentWaste and dead organisms must be removed from the environment –Bacteria –Fungi –Carrion eaters like vultures, coyotes, maggots

15. Decomposers and Scavengers

16. Food Chains A series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy.A series of events in which one organism eats another and obtains energy. –first organism in a food chain is always a producer –Next organisms are consumers

17. Food Chains Decomposers can be at any levelDecomposers can be at any level

18. Food Chain

19. Food Web A food chain just shows one track of energy flowA food chain just shows one track of energy flow A food web consists of many overlapping food chainsA food web consists of many overlapping food chains Organisms can play more than one role in a food webOrganisms can play more than one role in a food web

20. Food Web

22. Trophic Level Organisms can be divided into trophic levels producers are at the bottom producers are at the bottom Next are primary consumers Next are primary consumers (herbivores) (herbivores) Secondary consumers (omnivores Secondary consumers (omnivores or carnivores) or carnivores) Tertiary consumers (omnivores or Tertiary consumers (omnivores or carnivores) carnivores)

23. Trophic Level

24. Energy Pyramids An energy pyramid shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food webAn energy pyramid shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a food web At each level upward, the amount of energy decreases due to useAt each level upward, the amount of energy decreases due to use

25. Energy Pyramids When an organism eats food, it obtains energyWhen an organism eats food, it obtains energy The organism uses some of this energy for living (about 90%)The organism uses some of this energy for living (about 90%) Not all of this energy is available to the next consumer in line (only 10% moves to the next level)Not all of this energy is available to the next consumer in line (only 10% moves to the next level)

26. Energy Pyramids The most energy is available at the producer levelThe most energy is available at the producer level The amount of energy at the producer level determines how many organisms an ecosystem can supportThe amount of energy at the producer level determines how many organisms an ecosystem can support The least amount of energy is available at the third level or tertiary consumerThe least amount of energy is available at the third level or tertiary consumer

27. Energy Pyramids

29. Cycling of Energy Once an organism dies, decomposers take over and break down the material it was made ofOnce an organism dies, decomposers take over and break down the material it was made of These nutrients are put back into the soilThese nutrients are put back into the soil Plants then use those nutrients along with sunlight to recycle that energy back into the food chainPlants then use those nutrients along with sunlight to recycle that energy back into the food chain

30. Energy flows through an ecosystem in a cycleEnergy flows through an ecosystem in a cycle

31. Cycling of Energy Composting – helping the natural decomposition process break down wasteComposting – helping the natural decomposition process break down waste Using a compost bin, we can recycle food scraps and return those nutrients to the soilUsing a compost bin, we can recycle food scraps and return those nutrients to the soil

32. Click on the link to go to the vocabulary games: http://www.neok12.com/quiz/ECOSYS01 http://www.neok12.com/quiz/ECOSYS02