1. Charismatic and Transformational Leadership
Chapter 9
Charismatic and Transformational Leadership
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

2. Summary of Lecture 16, 17 Group VS Team Types of Groups
Group Development Stages
Group Think
Social Loafing
Building successful team
Team Leader role
Team Creativity
Team Decision Making
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

3. Summary of Lecture 18 Nature of self-managed teams.
Difference between traditional team & SMT.
Benefits of SMT.
Challenges of implementing SMT effectively.
Guidelines for improving SMT effectiveness.
Stages of group development.
Role of team facilitator in SMT.
Distributed leadership in SMT.
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

4. Learning Objectives Charisma and Charismatic Leadership
Max Weber on charismatic leadership.
Locus of charismatic leadership.
Personal Meanings Purpose of Life
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

5. Introduction
Exemplary leader having extraordinary effect on personal lives, society, culture, economic and political system
Focus on collective interest instead of self interest
Great influence and commitment to vision
Create strong sense of commitment and excitement to generate self sacrifice and work for visionary future
Work beyond call of duty
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

6. Weber’s Charismatic Leadership
Influence based on follower perceptions that the leader is endowed with the gift of divine inspiration or supernatural qualities.
Charisma a fire that ignite followers
Heroism, revolutionary ideals, inspire and build confidence,
“Charisma is distinct social relationship between the leader and follower, in which leader present revolutionary idea, a transcendent image or ideal... while the follower accept this course of action not because of its rational likelihood of success but because of an effective belief in the extraordinary qualities of the leader”
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

7. CHARISMA Charisma is Greek word means “divinely inspired”
The process of influencing major changes in the attitudes and assumptions of organization members, and building commitment for the organization’s objectives
The special quality that gives someone power and authority over a large number of people
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

8. Model of Personal Meaning and Charismatic Leadership
Behavior
Attributions of
Charismatic
Leadership
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

9. Personal Meaning Meaningfulness and purpose of life
“The degree to which people’s lives make emotional sense
and that the demands confronted by them are perceived as
being worthy of energy and commitment.”
Personal meaning a great force of motivation
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

10. Sources of Personal Meaning
Self-concept/identity
Selflessness
Legacy
Activist mindset (social services)
Altruism
Culture and traditions
Political/social orientation
Spirituality and religion
Hobbies/personal pursuits (open or close minded, high or low risk takers)
Values/ideals
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

11. Locus of Charismatic Leadership
1) Is Charisma result of 1) situation 2) leader's qualities and 3) interaction of situation and qualities?
Argument in favor: Charismatic leadership does not work until society is in crises, stressful situation, in state of deprivation, or inequality
2) Is charisma based on extraordinary qualities not on situation?
For Example: Quaid-e-Azam
Charismatic leader build personal meaning of followers, give purpose to their lives especially in time of crises
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

12. More Modern Theories state that Charisma may result from
The situation or social climate facing the leader
The leader’s extraordinary qualities
An interaction of the situation and the leader’s qualities
This view is gaining credibility
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

13. Attribution Variables of Leader Charisma
Leader behavior depends on personal meaning and purpose of life
Attribution of charisma depend on these behavioral variables
1) Discrepancy gap between status quo & the vision
2) Vision articulation (positive image of future and negative image of current situation, unacceptable present situation) & Role modeling (self sacrifice, love, dedication toward cause)
3) Use of unconventional strategies
4) Realistic assessment of resource needs & constraints
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

14. Vision Content and Context
Nature of the status quo
Nature of the future vision
Manner future vision will remove discontent & provide fulfillment of follower hopes
Plan of action for realizing vision
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

15. Charisma and Unconventional Behavior
To transcend the existing order
Evoke sentiments of adoration
Exemplifies heroism, personal risk, & self-sacrifice
Counter to the norm
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

16. Charisma & Resource Needs Assessment
Very good strategists
Perform realistic resource & constraint assessments
Sensitive to capabilities & emotional needs of followers
Align strategies & capabilities to insure transformation
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

17. Effects of Charismatic Leadership
Charismatic leadership is defined in relation to influence of leader on followers or relationship between leaders and followers
Trust in “rightness” of vision
Similarity of followers’ & leader’s beliefs & values
Heightened sense of self-confidence
Acceptance of higher or challenging goals
Identification with & emulation of leader
Unconditional acceptance of leader
Strong affection for leader
Emotional involvement
Unquestioned loyalty
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

18. Confidence Moral Conviction
This slide relates to XX-XX.
Verbal
Skills
Self
Confidence Moral Conviction
Visionary
Inspires
Trust
Charismatic
Leader
Characteristics
Self
Promoting
High Risk
Orientation
Summary Overview
XXXX
Major Title
Heading.
Empowers
Others
High Energy
Action
Orientation
Minimum
Internal
Conflict
Relational
Power
Base
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

19. VISION
The ability to imagine different and better conditions and ways to achieve them
Future orientation
See the difference in how things are and how they should be
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

20. COMMUNICATIONS SKILLS
Great rhetorical skills
Especially oral
Can speak about the vision and make the followers “see it”
Think of MLK,Jr’s “I Have A Dream” speech
Writing, while important, is not as powerful
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

21. SELF CONFIDENCE & MORAL CONVICTION
Unshakable self confidence
Passed on to followers
True faith in the “cause”
Strong moral beliefs
Willingness to sacrifice
Self & followers
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

22. TRUST
Followers have total trust and belief in the leader and the “cause”
Show commitment to followers, who return it
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

23. ACCEPT RISK Willing to be at great personal risk
Professionally
Physically
Willing to risk the followers
Use unconventional (risky) strategies & methods to achieve goals
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

24. HIGH ENERGY & ACTION ORIENTATION
Show emotion in what they do
Leads to high energy
Take action
Serve as role models for followers
Who show high energy to emulate the leader
Who take actions the leader wants
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

25. RELATIONAL POWER
Charismatic leaders have high referent and expert power
Followers feel
Awe, trust, identification, devotion, common
beliefs, unquestioning acceptance, affection
Emotional Bond
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

26. ABILITY TO MINIMIZE INTERNAL CONFLICT
Through strength of belief
With referent power
Due to follower belief in the leader and the cause
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

27. WILLINGNESS & ABILITY TO EMPOWER
Know they need the efforts & ideas of others
Let the subordinate leaders do those things they are able to do
Often take credit for followers’ ideas and efforts
Encourage followers to take more responsibility
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

28. SELF-PROMOTING Beat their own drums Campaign for “the cause”
Explain their vision to all who will listen or read
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

29. Discussion Questions
Discussion Question 1: What are leading characteristics of charismatic leaders?
Question 2: Why is the theory of charisma described as a double-edged sword?
Discussion Question 3: Can you give example of Charismatic leaders who make their case through charismatic personality, vision and excellent communication?
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning

30. Learning Objectives Charisma and Charismatic Leadership
Max Weber on charismatic leadership.
Locus of charismatic leadership.
Personal Meanings Purpose of Life
Lussier, R. and Achau, C. (2007): Effective Leadership, 3rd Edition, South-Western, Cangage Learning