1. David M. Klurfeld ARS National Program Leader, Human Nutrition

2. Grapes and Health – 280 publications Raisins and Health – 188 Wine and Health – 1316 – Wine – 9655 – “Red Wine” – 1650 Resveratrol and Health – 335 – Resveratrol – 2708

3. Components of grapes/wine that can enhance human health and provide for the nutritional needs of the American public – Compounds may need to be delivered as a package to derive maximal benefit Health and nutrition concerns will be strong drivers for the market of both traditional and innovative products

4. Antioxidants Red wine – heart disease – Still controversial – AHA says no specific link Grape/wine reduction of blood clotting – Ethanol has similar effect

5. Per cent of aorta Klurfeld & Kritchevsky, Exp Molec Pathol 34:62 (1981) Alcoholic Beverages and Aortic Atherosclerosis

6. WR Leifert & MY Abeywardena, Nutr Res, 28:7290737 (2008)

7. Chemical characterization of red wine grape (Vitis vinifera and Vitis interspecific hybrids) and pomace phenolic extracts and their biological activity against Streptococcus mutans. – Thimothe J, Bonsi IA, Padilla-Zakour OI, Koo H – J Agric Food Chem. 2007 Dec 12;55(25):10200-7.

8. WHNRC – Davis, CA Resveratrol induces apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells in vitro Following up with mice injected with ALL cells Resveratrol inhibits toll-like receptor 4-induced inflammation in cultured cells

9. HNRCA at Tufts University Comparing juices from: – Concord – both anthocyanins & proanthocyanidins – Niagara – only proanthocyanidins – Thompson – neither polyphenol class 5 tests of psychomotor function

11. Flow-Mediated Dilation and Freeze-Dried Grape Powder AA Chaves et al, Vascular Pharmacol, 50:20-26 (2009) Mixed table grapes equivalent to ~1.25 cup Sugar Water Grapes

12. Flow-Mediated Dilation and Freeze-Dried Grape Powder AA Chaves et al, Vascular Pharmacol, 50:20-26 (2009) Mixed table grapes equivalent to ~2.5 cups

13. Flow-Mediated Dilation and Freeze-Dried Grape Powder AA Chaves et al, Vascular Pharmacol, 50:20-26 (2009) High Fat Meal + Mixed table grapes equivalent to ~1.25 cup HF Meal HF Meal & Grape

14. A. Di Castelnuovo et al, Arch Intern Med 166:2437-2445 (2006) Meta-Analysis of 34 Prospective Studies >1,000,000 subjects, 94,000 deaths analyzed

15. R di Giuseppe at al, Am J Clin Nutr, 89:354-362 (2009) ~1400 subjects from Italy, Belgium, and England

16. Mortality in 2468 Finnish men with 29-yr follow-up Wine No Pref T. Strandberg et al, J Gerontol A 62:213 (2007) Drinking Habit RR for Mortality

17. Correlation ≠ Proof

18. Quercetin used to be king of the compounds >1600 compounds in grapes – Concentrations in wine differ from juice Equivalents in both animal and human studies ra nge up to pounds/day or 300 bottles of wine “All things are poison and nothing is without poison, only the dose permits something not to be poisonous” – Paracelsus (1493-1541)

20. www.dietandcancerreport.org Released Nov 1, 2007 in Washington, DC and several other locations around the world 517 page report along with CD-ROM of 20 systematic literature reviews