1. THE PLANNING PROCESS

2. Strategic Planning SWOT Analysis
Internal
Factors
External
Strengths (S)
Weaknesses (W)
Opportunities (O)
SO Strategy (Maxi-Maxi):
Use strengths to maximize opportunities
WO Strategy (Mini-Maxi):
Minimize weaknesses using
opportunities
Threats (T)
ST Strategy (Maxi-Min):
Use strengths to minimize threats
WT Strategy (Mini-Mini):
Try to minimize weaknesses and threats through restructuring,, creating joint ventures, etc.

3. COMPANY STRATEGIES
Strategy of unique product
Strategy of diversification

4. PRODUCT STRATEGIES Porter Strategies
Strategy Type
Definition
Examples
Differentiation
Overall cost leadership
Focus
Distinguish products or services
Reduce manufacturing and other costs
Concentrate on specific regional
market, product market or group
of buyers
Rolex (watches)
Mercedes-Benz (automobiles)
Nikon (cameras)
Cross (writing instruments)
Hewlett - Packard (calculators)
Timex
Hyundai
Kodak
BIC
Texas Instruments
Longines
Fiat, Alfa Romeo
Polaroid
Waterman Pens
Fisher Price

5. PRODUCT STRATEGIES Miles and Snow Strategies
Strategy Type
Definition
Examples
Prospector
Defender
Analyzer
Reactor
Innovative and growth oriented, searches for new markets and new growth opportunities, encourages risk taking
Protects current markets, maintains stable growth, serves current customers
Maintain current markets and current customer satisfaction with moderate emphasis on innovation
No clear strategy, reacts to changes in the environment 3M
BIC
IBM
International Harvester
W.T. Grant

6. TACTICAL PLANNING
STEP 1 – Establish tactical goals: to be established at each departmental level, starting from the strategic goals, to realize strategic plans
STEP 2 – Developing tactical plans: establish future actions, timing and necessary resources

7. OPERATIONAL PLANNING
STEP 1 – Establish operational goals: to be established at each operational level from the department, starting from the tactical goals, to realize tactical plans
STEP 2 – Developing operational plans: establish future actions, timing and necessary resources

8. TYPES OF OPERATIONAL PLANS
Description
Single-use plans
- Program
- Project
Standing plans
- Policy
- Standard operating
procedure
- Rules and regulations
Developed to carry out a course of action not likely to be carried out in the future
Single-use plan for a large set of activities
Single-use plan of less scope and complexity than a program
Developed for activities that recur regularly over a period of time
Standing plan specifying the organization’s general response to a designated problem or situation
Standing plan outlining steps to be followed in particular circumstances
Standing plans describing exactly how specific activities are to be carried out

9. BUSINESS PLAN Executive Summary
1. Business description: a brief description of the product or service proposed
to be realized and the perspectives for the next 5-10 years
2. Strategic planning: present the concrete activities to reach the long term objectives,
taking into account the stage of your product
3. The market: a brief description of the targeted market segments and of the
penetration channels and, also, present the utility product for the final consumer
4. Conducerea companiei: present the company management system and the
responsibilities of each manager
5. Financial aspects: show estimated sales and profits for the next 5 years, the
involved costs and how much represent your contribution

10. Business plan – The content
A. The Purpose of Company
B. The Objectives
C. The Market Analysis
D. The production process
E. The marketing strategies
F. The financial planning
G. The company organization and Management
H. The ownership form of business
I. The critical risks and problems
J. Summary and Conclusions
Appendices