1. NASA/NSTA Web Seminar: Living and Working in Space: Energy LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP Thursday, February 1, 2007 7:00 p.m. to 8:00 p.m. Eastern time

2. Providing Energy for Space Systems Steven E. Johnson United Space Alliance, LLC ISS Flight Controller NASA Johnson Space Center Copyright © 2007 by United Space Alliance, LLC. These materials are sponsored by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Contract NAS9-20000 and Contract NNJ06VA01C. The U.S. Government retains a paid-up, nonexclusive, irrevocable worldwide license in such materials to reproduce, prepare, derivative works, distribute copies to the public, and perform publicly and display publicly, by or on behalf of the U.S. Government. All other rights are reserved by the copyright owner.

3. Who I Am Originally from Indiana, currently in Texas BS in Electrical Engineering from Purdue University International Space Station (ISS) Flight Controller since 2000 Work in Mission Control Center (MCC), Houston, TX

4. What I Do ISS is ‘flown’ from MCC, not from a ‘cockpit’ Flight Controllers monitor data sent down from ISS and send up commands to ISS Commands to ISS manipulate systems, turn equipment on/off, and change operational functions Almost all failures on board ISS are assessed, troubleshot, and recovered by Flight Controllers in MCC

5. ISS Mission Control Center (MCC) Where’s Steven?

6. Today’s Learning Objectives After reviewing the presentation, participants will: –List the three types of spacecraft power systems. –State advantages and disadvantages of spacecraft power system types –Identify the type of power system theoretical spacecraft should employ

7. Energy Systems 101 Powering Spacecraft

8. Spacecraft Power System Options Voyager Galileo Ulysses Cassini at Saturn Viking on Mars & NuclearSolarEnergy Storage

9. Nuclear Power Evaluation Nuclear Power Advantages –Provides a very long-term energy source –Allows independent space system operation –Solar pointing system not required –Currently the only viable option for non- solar missions longer than ~2 weeks and missions traveling beyond Mars

10. Nuclear Power Evaluation Nuclear Power Disadvantages –Low power capability –Expensive –Requires custom-built system for each application

11. Apollo Space Shuttle Spacecraft Power System Options & NuclearSolarEnergy Storage

12. Energy Storage Evaluation Energy Storage Advantages –Allows independent space system operation –Solar pointing system not required

13. Energy Storage Evaluation Energy Storage Disadvantages –Limited mission duration –Requires custom-built system for each application –Fuel Cell systems produce by products (water) which must be stored/dumped

14. Mir Hubble NuclearSolarEnergy Storage Mir Spacecraft Power System Options

15. Solar Power Evaluation Solar Power Advantages –Unlimited energy supply –Modular –Established manufacturing base –Cost effective

16. Solar Power Evaluation Solar Power Disadvantages –Requires a significant illumination source –Most solar-powered space systems require additional energy storage (battery) systems –Most free-flight systems are dependant on a vehicle control system to point the spacecraft and/or solar arrays

17. International Space Station Update

18. International Space Station Prior to STS-115/12A

19. International Space Station After STS-115/12A

20. International Space Station After STS-116/12A.1 (Current)

21. ISS Facts How long does it take for the ISS to go around the Earth one time? 30 minutes90 minutes3 hours8 hours

22. International Space Station After STS-116/12A.1 (Current)

23. International Space Station After STS-117/13A

24. International Space Station After STS-120/10A

25. ISS Facts Can the Space Station be seen from Earth without a telescope? YesNo

26. http://spaceflight.nasa.gov/home/index.html The ISS can be seen from Earth without a telescope

27. I have seen the ISS from Earth without a telescope. A. Yes B. No C. Not sure

28. International Space Station After STS-115/15A

29. International Space Station Assembly Complete

30. Apply Your Knowledge

31. Theoretical Application 1 Engineering is developing a small free-ranging robotic device to operate outside of the ISS. The device will need to –Operate for 6 hours –Have 12 Volt video, photograph, and control systems NuclearSolarEnergy Storage

32. Theoretical Application 1: Answer Energy Storage (battery) 1. 2. 3. Why?

33. Theoretical Application 2 A space system is required to investigate Jupiter’s moon Io The system will be launched on an unmanned rocket The system will operate for 6 years or more The system will perform scientific research using sensors, cameras, and sample collectors NuclearSolarEnergy Storage

34. Theoretical Application 2: Answer Nuclear Power 1. 2. 3. Why?

35. Theoretical Application 3 A mission has been requested for sun surface observation and space environment sensing The spacecraft will need to –Orbit the sun for 10+ years –Observe the sun with video and radiation detection equipment –Sense space weather events NuclearSolarEnergy Storage

36. Theoretical Application 3: Answer Solar Power 1. 2. 3. Why?

37. Energy Systems 101: Summary Powering Spacecraft

38. National Science Teachers Association Gerry Wheeler, Executive Director Frank Owens, Associate Executive Director Conferences and Programs Al Byers, Assistant Executive Director e-Learning LIVE INTERACTIVE LEARNING @ YOUR DESKTOP NSTA Web Seminars Flavio Mendez, Program Manager Jeff Layman, Technical Coordinator Susan Hurstcalderone, Volunteer Chat Moderator