1. UBIQUITOUS COMPUTING TDA471 1

2. Disclaimer: Thanks to previous teachers who have established this course It is the first time I give this course, have given many other HCI courses. All the lab assistants have taken the course before, or assisted. 2

3. Today: Introduction A few words about Ubiquitous Computing and Interaction Design (more on Wednesday’s LE1 and LS1) Course information Groups and student volunteers Readings for LS1 Lab and exhibition space visit 3

4. Ubiquitous Computing Mark Weiser’s vision (1991) –disappearing computer –everyday world literally used as interface away from desktop settings, available at hand in the real world: where needed, “where the action is” “The most profound technologies are those that disappear. They weave themselves into the fabric of everyday life until they are indistinguishable from it.” (Weiser) 4

5. Ubiquitous Computing Implementing the vision –Many interconnected computers per person –Mobile devices combined with computers embedded in the environment (e.g. post-hoc augmentation of everyday objects with sensors and networked communication) –With awareness of physical & social context + each other >> Mapping the digital world onto the physical one >> User interface: tangible and embedded in the real world 5

6. Ubiquitous Computing Implementing the ubicomp vision: –Distributed interface: networking mobile devices and embedded computers (sensors, processors, etc) -> flexible and seamless integrated whole -> e.g. any display or input device can become one’s own (user mobility) –Interaction in context and in real time (f.ex. tracking things and people -> relevant information and interaction opportunity to the right person at the right time) 6

7. Ubiquitous Computing Technologies –context awareness –mobile computing –tangible interfaces –social navigation –embedded sensor networks –global positioning –wearable computing –augmented & mixed-reality –ad hoc and p2p user networks –etc 7

8. Ubiquitous Computing Examples –“walk-up-pop-up” –wearables –ambient displays –intelligent work environments –augmented, interconnected everyday objects –etc Media cup, TecO 8

9. * Embedded sensor networks Sensors: - in everyday environments - on people - on artefacts Sensor fusion: combining different data and placements to gather context 9

10. * Context-aware computing “computer-based devices [that] reach out into the real world through sensors” [Gellerson]. “A system is context-aware if it uses context to provide relevant information and/or services to the user, where relevancy depends on the user’s task.” [Dey & Abowd, 1999]. 10

11. * Context-aware computing Enables computing to run into the background and adapt to changes of context in order to present appropriate behaviour to specific situations. –“presentation of information and services to a user” –“automatic execution of a service” depending on context appropriateness –or “tagging of context to information for later retrieval” [Dey]. 11

12. * Context-aware computing Gellersen et al. 12

13. * Context-aware computing Gellersen et al. 13

14. * Tangible computing Input, data, output and networking contained and accessed within the same tangible artefact –Paper, cups, pens, umbrellas or specially designed artefacts Tangible objects as active entities that respond to the environment, to user manipulation and people’s activities in general Building on the users’ cognitive abilities 14

15. * Social computing Incorporating understandings of the social world into interactive systems –Social traces left by people on objects or places –Mobile social networks between co-located acquaintances –enhancing user awareness by providing them information about others and their activity 15

16. * Augmented reality Superimposing a digital world upon the real one –User experiences both as co-existing parts of the same reality –User is able to interact with their combination in real time Interfaces: –3D computer graphics seen through transparent head-mounted displays or augmented glasses –Spatialised audio cues heard through headphones M. Fjeld (2004): Special Issue on Augmented Reality -- Usability and Collaborative Work. In ACM Interactions, Volume XI.6, pp. 11-15. http://www.t2i.se/pub/papers/p11-fjeld.pdf 16

17. * Augmented reality Mixed-reality: digital world not directly overlaid on the physical one but still presented as part of the same reality, f.ex. –with both realities displayed on the screen of hand- held device) Costanza, E., Kunz, A., and Fjeld, M. 2009. Mixed Reality: A Survey. In Human Machine interaction: Research Results of the MMI Program, D. Lalanne and J. Kohlas (Eds.) LNCS 5440, pp. 47-68. http://www.t2i.se/pub/papers/springer_5440.pdf 17

18. * Wearable computing Computing incorporated into clothing Make use of body-related information or interaction forms to control processes : - body movements - biometrics Embedded displays (e.g. glasses) 18

19. * Platforms: –Smart-Its –Smart Dust –Pin & Play –Tiny OS –etc 19

20. Smart-Its: –sensors: sound, light, acceleration (2d), pressure –core board: context-recognition, communication interface (RF) Smart sensors company next to you http://www.imego.com/ Arvid Hedvalls Backe 4, Gibraltar, Chalmers 20

21. Ubicomp around us We are surrounded by computing –Computing and processing is embedded into everyday devices –There are many computers/processors per person –Information access and communication is possible virtually everywhere –Dedicated computing devices – information appliances – are all around us Devices can be connected and networked 21

22. Ubicomp More on Wednesday! –historical background –videos –projects –literature seminar about foundations of ubicomp 22

23. Interaction Design and UC Design opportunities & challenges of the everyday physical world as interface: not designed for the purpose of these new activities offers a rich and heterogeneous variety of engaging interaction situates them in cultural and social context, with existing web of meaning more than a setting, a resource for computer- mediated interaction Everyday activities as basis for interaction 23

24. Interaction Design and UC Since we are approaching Ubiquitous Computing from an Interaction Design perspective, following standard Interaction Design Practice is recommended Iterative Design –Establish needs and requirements –Loop Develop alternative designs Build interactive prototypes for communication and assessment Evaluate the design based on the prototypes –End loop 24

25. Requirements User Centred Design –Field studies –Focus groups –Cultural Probes –… 25

26. Designing Genius Design Design Methods Tool for invention –Brainstorming –Classification –Six thinking hats –… Material & experience Knowledge of related work 26

27. Prototyping Essential to understand interaction Spatial and temporal aspects –Paper –Video –Mock-up –Hi-fi Hardware Software Physical Realisation 27

28. Evaluating What & how Quantitative & qualitative user studies –Questionnaire –Observation –Expert evaluation –Interview –Measurement... 28

29. Course Info: People Morten and Johan –Examiner and responsible for the course (MF) –Literature seminars (MF) –Project supervisor (MF and JS) Ole, Amir, Farshid, and Pooya –Course assistant –Technology supervisor Martin: Lab manager 29

30. Website http://www.cs.chalmers.se/idc/ituniv/kurser /09/uc/http://www.cs.chalmers.se/idc/ituniv/kurser /09/uc/ Check regularly for updates and course information! 30

31. Course Aim The concept of ubiquitous computing deals with a world where computational technology and services permeate almost everything around us, yet fulfils human needs far better than most technology does today. This course aims to give insights in the theory and philosophy of ubiquitous computing as well as practical design skills in developing such systems. 31

32. Learning Outcomes (1/2) After completion of this course, the student should be able to: – Understand and reflect on the theory and philosophy of ubiquitous computing – Reflect upon the effects of a society where computational technology permeates every aspect of our lives – Discuss and criticize designs in the area of ubiquitous computing – Design computational devices using non- traditional ways of realising the interaction between man and machine 32

33. Learning Outcomes (2/2) After completion of this course, the student should be able to: – Understand how computational technology can be understood and used as a material for design of interactive systems – Apply knowledge of hardware, software and other design materials into the design of artefacts with embedded information technology – Carry out the development of a prototype of a ubiquitous computing system from concept development to working prototype – Present and document your work through both oral and written presentations 33

34. Prerequisites Required –A course in Human-Computer Interaction –Physical Computing course (or equivalent) –Graphical Interfaces (or equivalent) 34

35. Course Moments Lectures Exercises Groups projects and exhibition Short paper and/or design contest Literature seminars Home exam Extra activities All moments are mandatory to pass the course! Check course website for details: http://www.cs.chalmers.se/idc/ituniv/kurser/09/uc/ 35

36. Course Moments Lectures: –LE1: Ubiquitous Computing –LE2: Lecture about course theme – TBA Exercises: –Design: inspiration posters about home environments (real ones, IKEA...) –Related work: sample ubicomp projects –Paper writing –etc 36

37. Course Moments Group Projects: –Five weeks of duration –Groups determined by teachers – 5 students –This year’s theme: everydays interactive furniture, rooms, communications sustainable and unsustainable technologies –Allocated time for project supervision 37

38. Course Moments Group Projects: –5 => 2 => 1 proposal per group –Final project proposal: See schedule –Public exhibition: 16 th December (+ website) –Project report: 18 th December –Budget: 1500 SEK 38

39. Course Moments Group Projects: –Conference short paper / submission to design contest, to be defined. (Last year, 2008: (Aspen Design Challenge – Designing Water’s Future) http://www.aspendesignchallenge.orghttp://www.aspendesignchallenge.org) –See projects from previous years for inspiration! 39

40. Course Moments Literature seminars: –short paper/project presentations (3 groups per LS) –group discussions of literature Home exam: –concepts and design issues of ubicomp –individual –deadline january 2009 (TBA) Extra activities –Will be announced. 40

41. Examination To pass the course you should – Actively participate in all parts of the course – Do the project – Write: 1) project report, 2) short paper / design contest submission, 3) project website (all approved by us) – Write an individual home assignment Grading – Chalmers: Fail, 3, 4, or 5 – GU: Fail, Pass, or Pass with distinction (G, VG) 41

42. Work Hours 15 Higher Education Credits (HEC) corresponds to 10 weeks fulltime work when 1 week is 40 hours. At Chalmers we study 15 HEC in 7 weeks Therefore the working week for students at Chalmers is roughly 57 hours Accordingly, this course requires 28.5 hours of work per week Working days: –Mondays & Wednesdays are allocated for the course + Fridays –Extra days for extra activities 42

43. Group formation We have taken into account Language background Technical Skills Background, master program 43

44. Course Evaluation 3 meetings Same as in other courses Volunteers? – ID, Chalmers – MDI/ID – ISD – GU... 44

45. Registration and attendence Registration is too late, only good reasons for late registration is accepted Attendance is compulsory, only acceptable to be away at illness etc. 45

46. Next Time Wednesday 9.00, Torg3 –Chairs from studios –Lecture (LE1) 9.00-10.00 –Literature seminar (LS1) 10-12 46

47. Readings for LS1 The Computer of the 21st Century - Mark Weiser The Computer Reaches Out: The Historical Continuity of Interface Design - Jonathan Grudin Tangible Bits: Towards Seamless Interfaces between People, Bits and Atoms - Hiroshi Ishii & Brygg Ulmer The Coming of Age of Calm Technology - Mark Weiser & John Seely Brown Some Computer Science Issues in Ubiquitous Computing - Mark Weiser See course website for PDFs 47

48. Now Check the group you belong to Sign besides your name that you are here today. 48