1. Thermal Energy Transfer
Conductors
&
Insulators

2. Essential Standard
6.P.3 Understand characteristics of energy transfer and interactions of matter and energy.

3. Clarifying Objective
6.P .3.3Explain the suitability of materials for use in technological design based on a response to heat (to include conduction, expansion, and contraction) and electrical energy (conductors and insulators).

4. Essential Questions What are examples of INSULATORS?
What are examples of CONDUCTORS?
How does electrical & thermal energy move through conductors?
Why does electrical & thermal energy NOT move through INSULATORS?

5. Electrical Energy
To understand how conductors & insulators work we have to understand atoms
If you remember atoms are the smallest pieces of matter
They make up everything except photons (which are part of an atom)

6. What is Electricity

7. Atoms Atoms have a nucleus & an outer valence
In the nucleus & outer valence atoms are composed of 3 things
Protons- positively charged particles inside the nucleus
Neutrons- particles that have no electric charge inside the nucleus

8. Atoms Electrons- negatively charged particles on the Outer Valance
Atoms will usually have the same number (equal) of protons & electrons to balance themselves out
Sometimes though there becomes more protons than electrons and then the atom becomes + charged

9. Excited Ions
The outermost electrons can escape away from the atom when it slams into another atom
When the electron escapes now the there are more protons than electrons and the atom has a + charge
An atom that has a + charge is called an ion
Because there are more protons + than electrons the atom gets excited and vibrates

10. Jumping Electrons When electrons escape it goes to the next atom
This will cause the electron in the next atom to jump to a different atom

11. Jumping Electrons

12. Jumping Electrons = Electricity Transfer (Heat/Thermal Energy Transfer)
When the electron has jumped atoms from one side to another it has passed electricity
This is how we get our power/electricity in our houses

13. Essential Questions Get with a partner and answer…
How does electrical & thermal energy move through conductors?

14. Conductors & Insulators Opposite
Conductors are Insulators OPPOSITES from each other
This means if a material is a good conductor it is a bad insulator
If a material is a good insulator it is a bad conductor

15. Conductors
4:30-7:15

16. Conductors Conductors are solids that energy can travel through
This could be thermal energy (heat) electrical energy or other energy
There are good conductors & bad conductors

17. Good Conductors
Good conductors are solids that have atoms that are very dense
The more dense the atoms the better conductors they will be
This is because the atoms are more tightly compacted together

18. Good Conductors
Good conductors atoms are close enough to each other that the electrons can bounce from one atom to the next passing the heat or electricity

19. Bad Conductors
Bad conductors of electricity & thermal energy exist in three different forms
Gasses are bad conductors because the particles are so far apart from each other
Liquids are bad conductors for the same reason
Solids that are not dense are also bad conductors

20. Why are They Bad Conductors
These are all bad conductors because the atom particles are not dense and they cant jump from atom to atom
The worst kind of conductor is actually called an insulator

21. Insulators
Insulators are materials used to keep heat & sound contained inside something
Insulators keep heat inside something
Insulators keep electricity inside something

22. Insulator
7:15-8:15

23. Essential Questions Get with a partner and answer…
Why does electrical & thermal energy NOT move through INSULATORS?

24. Good Insulators
Good insulators will NOT allow electrons to move from one end to another
They trap the electrons keeping the heat or electricity inside something

25. What makes a Good Insulator
Materials that have many different types of atoms make good insulators (Styrofoam cups)
This is because the DIFFERENT types of atoms BOND together
Now not only are the atoms are the same connected together but also those atoms are forming BONDS to other types of atoms

26. What makes a Good Insulator
This forms a wall and does not allow the electrons to escape from one atom to the next
If the electrons cant escape the neither the thermal energy or electrical energy can be transferred

27. Great Conductors Have to be solids
Metals from the periodic table are the best because they are just one kind of atom & very dense
Copper
Aluminum
Gold
Silver
People & Animals

28. Great Insulators Solid nonmetals that are NOT DENSE Styrofoam koozies
Rubber
Plastic
Glass
Ceramic/Porcelain
Clothing

29. Essential Questions Get with a partner and answer…
What are examples of INSULATORS?
What are examples of CONDUCTORS?

30. EOG Questions Why are some coffee cups composed of ceramic material?
A) Ceramic materials are conductors that limit heat transfer.
B) Ceramic materials are insulators that limit heat transfer.
C) Ceramic materials are conductors that aid heat transfer.
D) Ceramic materials are insulators that aid heat transfer.

31. EOG Questions
A worker for an electrical company is preparing to fix a power line. Why would he put on rubber gloves before working with any power lines?
A) Rubber is a poor conductor of heat but a good conductor of electricity.
B) Rubber is a good conductor of heat but a poor conductor of electricity.
C) Rubber is a poor conductor of heat and electricity.
D) Rubber is a good conductor of heat and electricity.