1. Australia CRCT Lecture Notes Please answer all questions, learn for upcoming tests, & the CRCT

3. Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)” What are the major physical features of Australia, and where are they located on a map?

4. Today’s Standard SS6G12 The student will be able to locate selected features of Australia. a. Locate on a world and regional political-physical map: the Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea, Ayers Rock, and Great Victoria Desert.

5. Ayers Rock “Uluru” Great Victoria Desert Coral Sea

6. Australia & Oceania

7. Intro to our……. “Essential Question(s)” What are the major physical features of Australia, and where are they located on a map (Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea, Ayers Rock, and Great Victoria Desert)?

8. Great Barrier Reef

9. The Coral Sea

10. Ayers Rock “Uluru”

11. Great Victoria Desert

12. Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)” What are the major physical features of Australia, and where are they located on a map (Great Barrier Reef, Coral Sea, Ayers Rock, and Great Victoria Desert)?

13. Today’s Standards SS6G13 The student will explain the impact of location, climate, distribution of natural resources, and population distribution on Australia. location, climate, and natural resources a.Describe how Australia’s location, climate, and natural resources have affected where people live. location, climate, and natural resources b. Describe how Australia’s location, climate, and natural resources impact trade.

14. Intro to our……. “Essential Question(s)” How does the factors of location, climate, access to water, and natural resources affect where Australians choose to live and work? How do the factors of location, climate, access to water, and natural resources affect trade?

15. Location

16. Climate

17. Natural Resources

18. Where Do People Live?

19. Major Trading Partners

20. Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)” How does the factors of location, climate, access to water, and natural resources affect where Australians choose to live and work? How do the factors of location, climate, access to water, and natural resources affect trade?

21. Location Climate Natural Resources Where do People Live? Trade -Southern/Eastern Hemisphere’s -Most people live in the cities in Southeastern & Southwestern coasts b/c of the Mild Climate (Not Too Hot or Cold) -80% of the population lives in urban (city) areas -Around 2,000mi. Southeast of Asia -Between the Indian & Pacific Oceans

22. Location Climate Natural Resources Where do People Live? Trade -Southern/Eastern Hemisphere’s -Most people live in the cities in Southeastern & Southwestern coasts b/c of the Mild Climate (Not Too Hot or Cold) -80% of the population lives in urban (city) areas -Around 2,000mi. Southeast of Asia -Between the Indian & Pacific Oceans Summer (Dec-Mar) Winter (June-Sept) North – TropicalCentral- Hot/Dry (Desert Conditions) Southeast & Southwest- Mild (Not Too Hot or Cold)

23. Location Climate Natural Resources Where do People Live? Trade -Southern/Eastern Hemisphere’s -Most people live in the cities in Southeastern & Southwestern coasts b/c of the Mild Climate (Not Too Hot or Cold) -80% of the population lives in urban (city) areas -Around 2,000mi. Southeast of Asia -Between the Indian & Pacific Oceans Summer (Dec-Mar) Winter (June-Sept) North – TropicalCentral- Hot/Dry (Desert Conditions) Southeast & Southwest- Mild (Not Too Hot or Cold) Arable Land for Farming & Grazing Minerals- Many (Iron, Copper, Tin, Gold, Etc.) Energy- Coal, Oil, Natural Gas ***ABUNDANT RESOURCES*** Major Partners- Japan, China, & United States Major Exports- Coal, Iron, Gold, Meat, Wool, Aluminum, Wheat Currency- Australian Dollar *Exchange Rate (3/11/2011)→ 1USD = 1.29 AD

24. Review Standard SS6H8 The student will describe the culture and development of Australia prior to contact with Europeans. DescribeoriginscultureAborigines a. Describe the origins and culture of the Aborigines.

25. Intro to our……. “Essential Question(s)” How are the origins of the Aborigine people explained? How have the traditions and beliefs of the Aborigine people shaped their cultures over time?

26. Aboriginal Australians

27. Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)” How are the origins of the Aborigine people explained? How have the traditions and beliefs of the Aborigine people shaped their cultures over time?

28. The Worlds Oldest Inhabitants? 1.Did people arrive first in Europe or Australia? 2. What evidence was found in 1971 to validate this idea? 3.When did the first fleet of European settlers arrive?

29. Aboriginal Australians

30. Aborigines And Their Culture 4. How did the first Aborigines reach Australia? 5. When did they first arrive?

31. Aboriginal Australians

32. A Perfect Environment; Land, The Ultimate Provider; Gatherers 6. How did Aborigines get the food they needed? 7. Why do you think the Aborigines did not cultivate crops like others in Asia, Africa, & Europe?

33. Aboriginal Australians

34. Hunters 8. What were some of the methods that the Aborigines used to hunt animals for resources 9. What role did women play in Aboriginal life?

35. Aboriginal Australians

36. Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)” How did Aborigines migrate to Australia? How are the origins of the Aborigine people explained? How have the traditions and beliefs of the Aborigine people shaped their cultures over time?

37. Today’s Standard SS6H9 The student will explain the impact European exploration and colonization had on Australia. a. Explain the reasons for British colonization of Australia; include the use of prisoners as colonists. b. Explain the impact of European colonization of Australia in terms of diseases and weapons on the indigenous peoples of Australia. Colonial Flag of Australia

38. Intro to our……. “Essential Question(s)” What are the reasons for British colonization of Australia (use of prisoners as colonists)? How are the indigenous people (Aborigines) affected by colonization (diseases and weapons)?

39. Cook Early Map produced by the Royal Navy An Engraving of the Discovery (1770) Gold Prospectors In Colonial Australia The Indigenous cost of European Empire Building

41. When did the British find Australia? Why did the British Want to colonize Australia? Who were some of the 1 st settlers To arrive in Australia? What was the relationship between the Aborigines & the British at first? How did this change & why? How did British colonialism Affect Aborigines negatively? What is the most widespread language & religion in Australia today? 1770- Discovery 1788- 1 st prisoners arrive 1793- 1 st Free Settlers Arrive -Good base for Royal Navy in the Pacific -Easy access to far eastern trading partners -Penal Colony for British Prisoners PRISONERS : Sent to perform hard labor & build colonial towns Positive/Good: Aborigines helped them learn to survive in harsh conditions Good to Bad→ Aborigines were forced off traditional lands & tried to fight the British settlers Many died fighting the British Diseases killed approx. ½ of the Aborigines The Aborigines that survived suffered in poverty & lower class social status Language – English (78.5%) Religion – Christianity (Catholic- 25.8%; Anglican-18.7%) Source: CIA World Fact Book

42. Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)” What are the reasons for British colonization of Australia (use of prisoners as colonists)? How are the indigenous people (Aborigines) affected by colonization (diseases and weapons)?

43. Review Standard SS6H8 The student will describe the culture and development of Australia prior to contact with Europeans. DescribeoriginscultureAborigines a. Describe the origins and culture of the Aborigines.

44. Today’s Standard SS6H9 The student will explain the impact European exploration and colonization had on Australia. a. Explain the reasons for British colonization of Australia; include the use of prisoners as colonists. b. Explain the impact of European colonization of Australia in terms of diseases and weapons on the indigenous peoples of Australia. Colonial Flag of Australia

45. Today’s Standard SS6G14 The student will describe the cultural characteristics of people who live in Australia. ExplainimpactEnglish colonization languagereligionAustralia a. Explain the impact of English colonization on the language and religion of Australia.

46. Intro to our……. “Essential Question(s)” What is the impact of English colonization on the language and religion of Australia?

50. “My Aussie Adventure” “My Aussie Adventure” By: J.Maiden I’m on an airplane to Los Angeles. The in-flight movie is something terrible called High School Musical. I’ve decided that the next few hours would be best spent documenting my recent trip to Australia. I guess the beginning would be the best place to begin. Sydneyharbor city which is home to more Australians than any other city in the country Canberra is the actual capital city It is located in the Australian Capital Territory I arrived in Sydney about one week ago. This is a beautiful harbor city which is home to more Australians than any other city in the country. Most people around the world assume that Sydney is the capital, but Canberra is the actual capital city of this country/continent. It is located in the Australian Capital Territory. Immediately, I was greeted by a very excited sheila. She exclaimed “G’Day Mate” and welcome to Australia! I asked her if she could direct me to the nearest restroom. “See that bloke on the red pushy smokin’ a fag?” I said “yeah.” “The dunny is just through that door behind him.” I said thanks & was on my way. largest coral reef in the worldGreat Barrier Reef off the coast of Queensland Brisbane (the capital of Queensland State) Later that night, I decided to get some early rest because the next day I was going to visit the largest coral reef in the world. The Great Barrier Reef off the coast of Queensland is a place I’ve always wanted to visit. I was making sure that I had the correct name of the banana-bender I was meeting up with tomorrow in Brisbane (the capital of Queensland State). We would leave there by boat & head to the reef. While imagining how cool the next day would be, I dozed off into a deep sleep.

51. Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)” What is the impact of English colonization on the language and religion of Australia?

52. Australian Culture Today Languages- Languages- English 78.5%, Chinese 2.5%, Italian 1.6% Ethnicity (Race)- Ethnicity (Race)- White 92%, Asian 7%, Aboriginal & Other 1% Religions- Religions- Catholic 28.5%, Anglican 18.7%

53. Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)” How did Aborigines migrate to Australia? What impact did the migration of the Aborigines have on the development of society and culture in Australia? How are the origins of the Aborigine people explained? How have the traditions and beliefs of the Aborigine people shaped their cultures over time?

54. What does “Literacy Rate” mean? The % of the total population of a country over the age of 15 that can read & write.

55. What Does “Standard Of Living” Mean? The level of wealth, comfort, material goods and necessities available to a certain socioeconomic class in a certain geographic area. The standard of living includes factors such as income, quality and availability of employment, class disparity, poverty rate, quality and affordability of housing, hours of work required to purchase necessities, gross domestic product, inflation rate, number of vacation days per year, affordable (or free) access to quality healthcare, quality and availability of education, life expectancy, incidence of disease, cost of goods and services, infrastructure, national economic growth, economic and political stability, political and religious freedom, environmental quality, climate and safety. The standard of living is closely related to quality of life.

56. On the Back of Your Graph Paper…. -Find 4 countries w/ Literacy Rates below 70% *List For Each: 1. The Name of the Country 2. The Literacy Rate 3. The Life Expectancy -Find 4 countries w/ Literacy Rates above 95% *List For Each: 1. The Name of the Country 2. The Literacy Rate 3. The Life Expectancy

57. Is the life expectancy higher or lower in countries with Literacy Rates below 70%? LOWER

58. Is the life expectancy higher or lower in countries with Literacy Rates above 95%? HIGHER

59. Intro to our……. “Essential Question(s)” How does specialization enhance Australia’s ability to trade with other countries? How do trade barriers (tariffs, quotas, and embargoes) slow down voluntary trade from occurring between countries?

60. Today’s Standard SS6E4 explain choices The student will explain personal money management choices in terms of incomespendingcreditsavinginvesting income, spending, credit, saving, and investing.

61. Intro to our……. “Essential Question(s)” How does a person decide on what to spend his/her income? What are the advantages and disadvantages of investing?

62. Personal Money Management

63. Savings Budget Investment Credit Interest *“Income” – Money someone receives Income that is not spent after people buy what they need or want Spending and Saving Plan *Helps people, companies, organizations decide how to best use income (money received) Using some money now in the hopes of making more later

64. $15 per week x 4 weeks 60 birthday check from grandparents 30 (TI) 90 bicycle tune-up 20 new tire 5 Video Game 50 (TE)75 TI - TE = TS15

65. Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)” How does a person decide on what to spend his/her income? What are the advantages and disadvantages of investing?

66. Today’s Standard SS6E4 explain choices The student will explain personal money management choices in terms of incomespendingcreditsavinginvesting income, spending, credit, saving, and investing.

67. Intro to our……. “Essential Question(s)” What is credit? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using credit? What is interest?

68. Personal Money Management

69. Savings Budget Investment Credit Interest *“Income” – Money someone receives Income that is not spent after people buy what they need or want Spending and Saving Plan *Helps people, companies, organizations decide how to best use income (money received) Using some money now in the hopes of making more later The ability to borrow money A fee for the use of borrowed money →Credit Cards & Banks charge you interest for borrowed money →A bank might give you interest for savings…. (they can use the money to give others loans & that’s how they make money)

70. x.05 100 + 5 = $105 x.02 550 + 11 = $561 x.07 1,200 + 84 = $1,284 x.11 5,000 + 550 = $5,550 $106 $6.36 $112.36 $6.74 $119.10 $7.14 $126.24 $7.57 $133.81 $8.02 $141.83

71. Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)” What is credit? What are the advantages and disadvantages of using credit? What is interest?

72. Today’s Standard compare and contrast forms of government SS6CG6 The student will compare and contrast various forms of government. a. Describedistribute power unitaryconfederationfederal a. Describe the ways government systems distribute power: unitary, confederation, and federal. Explaincitizen participation autocraticoligarchicdemocratic b. Explain how governments determine citizen participation: autocratic, oligarchic, and democratic.

73. Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)” How is power distributed in different forms of government (unitary, confederation, and federal)? How do citizens participate in different forms of government (autocratic, oligarchic, democratic)?

78. Today’s Standards compare and contrast forms of government SS6CG6 The student will compare and contrast various forms of government. Describe parliamentary presidential c. Describe the two predominate forms of democratic governments: parliamentary and presidential.

79. Intro to our……. “Essential Question(s)” What do most democracies (both Presidential & Parliamentary) have in common?

80. “Parliamentary” Democracy vs. “Presidential” Democracy The White House Washington D.C., United States Australian Australian Parliament House Canberra, Australian Capital Territory American President Barack Obama Australian Prime Minister Julia Gillard

81. Parliamentary Presidential Legislature has the most power Separation of Powers within Central Govt. Prime Minister is Head of Govt. President is Head of Govt. Head of Govt. is elected by the people Head of Govt. is elected by the Legislature Checks & Balances are present within the branches of the Central Govt. New elections are held immediately if the head of Govt. is forced to resign Legislature has the most power Separation of Powers within Central Govt. Prime Minister is Head of Govt. President is Head of Govt. Head of Govt. is elected by the people Head of Govt. is elected by the Legislature Checks & Balances are present within the branches of the Central Govt. New elections are held immediately if the head of Govt. is forced to resign

82. Today’s StandardS SS6CG7 The student will explain the structure of the national government of Australia. a. Describe the federal parliamentary democracy of Australia, distinguishing form of leadership, type of legislature, and the role of the citizen in terms of voting and personal freedoms.

83. Intro to our……. “Essential Question(s)” What is the structure of the Australian government? What role does the citizen have as a participant in Australia’s government?

84. Australian Government Distribution of Power 6 States & 2 Territories Prime Minister Julia Gillard *Elected By Parliament- Not Directly by the People Head of State Head of State Queen Elizabeth II *Not Elected- Born into the Royal Family Australian Parliament House Canberra, Australian Capital Territory Head of Government Government

85. Type of Government Distribution of Power Citizen Participation Type of Representative Democracy Head of Govt. (How does he/she get the job?) Legislature (Law-Making Body) Role of Citizens Voting: Personal Freedoms: Prime Minister: Julia Gillard (since 2010) - Australian Labor Party *is elected/chosen by the Parliament, NOT directly by the people like the U.S. Federal Parliamentary Democracy FEDERAL: 6 States & 2 Territories Central Govt./Capital – Canberra (Australian Capital Territory) HIGH- Representative Democracy Parliamentary Federal Parliament (2 Houses) Senate & House of Representatives Mandatory voting (18yrs. & older) Similar to ours: Freedom of Speech, Religion, Voting, etc.

86. Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)” What is the structure of the Australian government? What role does the citizen have as a participant in Australia’s government? What do most democracies (both Presidential & Parliamentary) have in common?

87. What do you know about Australian Aborigines?

88. Review Standard SS6H8 The student will describe the culture and development of Australia prior to contact with Europeans. DescribeoriginscultureAborigines a. Describe the origins and culture of the Aborigines.

89. Intro to our……. “Essential Question(s)” How did Aborigines migrate to Australia? What impact did the migration of the Aborigines have on the development of society and culture in Australia? How are the origins of the Aborigine people explained? How have the traditions and beliefs of the Aborigine people shaped their cultures over time?

90. Aboriginal Australians

91. Where did the 1 st Inhabitants of Australia Come from? How did they get there? When did they get there? Economy Government (Organization of Society) Beliefs Cultural Expression(s) Most Likely Southeast Asia Possibly by watercraft (small rafts) *Some areas may not have been covered in water as they are today (New Guinea & Australia may have been one landmass) Approximately 40,000 years ago Traditional – Hunting & Gathering Animism – Interconnected w/ nature Origin Mythology – “Dreamtime” Visual – Dot Art Musical – Didgeridoo Oral Storytelling Tribal (varied from group-to-group) Autocratic- Ruled by a chief Oligarchic- Ruled by a group of elders Democratic- group made decisions by consensus

92. Australian Aboriginal “Dot Art”

107. “Didgeridoo”

108. “Koobor the Koala and Water” Australian Aboriginal Legend The art of storytelling

109. Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)” How did Aborigines migrate to Australia? What impact did the migration of the Aborigines have on the development of society and culture in Australia? How are the origins of the Aborigine people explained? How have the traditions and beliefs of the Aborigine people shaped their cultures over time?

110. What is Economics?????? Economics is the study of how people manage their resources.

111. Today’s Standard analyzeeconomic systems SS6E8 The student will analyze different economic systems. Comparetraditional, command, and market, economies answer the economic questions whathow for whom to produce a. Compare how traditional, command, and market, economies answer the economic questions of 1 -what to produce, 2-how to produce, and 3-for whom to produce. Explain how most countries have a mixed economy b. Explain how most countries have a mixed economy located on a continuum between pure market and pure command. Describe economic system used in Australia c. Describe the economic system used in Australia.

112. Today’s Standard SS6E9 The student will give examples of how voluntary trade benefits buyers and sellers in Australia. a. Explain how specialization makes trade possible between countries. b. Compare and contrast different types of trade barriers, such as tariffs, quotas and embargos.

113. Intro to our……. “Essential Question(s)” What types of economic systems exist in the world today? What is the economic system used in Australia?

115. Types of Economic Systems Types of Economic Systems Traditional- customs & habits of a society will determine what will be produced & how it will be distributed & consumed (Usually includes bartering, rather than money). Traditional economies are becoming more rare.

116. ECONOMY What is Produced? How Goods are Produced How People Get Products Traditional Command Market Types of Economic Systems EX→ Australian Aborigines What people need to survive (food, shelter, & tools) Farming Hunting Gathering People make their own, share, or trade

117. Types of Economic Systems Types of Economic Systems Command- Government will determine what will be produced & how it will be distributed & consumed. Government will set prices and set regulations (rules) that industries must follow.

118. ECONOMY What is Produced? How Goods are Produced How People Get Products Traditional Command Market Types of Economic Systems EX→ Australian Aborigines What people need to survive (food, shelter, & tools) Farming Hunting Gathering People make their own, share, or trade EX→ Soviet Union Cuba Whatever the government decides However the government decides -Class -Reward System -Waiting in Line

119. Types of Economic Systems Types of Economic Systems Market- Individuals, private companies, & consumers will determine what will be produced & how it will be distributed & consumed (Supply & Demand). Individuals and companies are allowed to produce freely without government interference.

120. ECONOMY What is Produced? How Goods are Produced How People Get Products Traditional Command Market Types of Economic Systems EX→ Australian Aborigines What people need to survive (food, shelter, & tools) Farming Hunting Gathering People make their own, share, or trade EX→ Soviet Union Cuba Whatever the government decides However the government decides -Class -Reward System -Waiting in Line EX→ Canada United Kingdom Whatever people are willing to buy & sell Business Owners determine the most efficient legal methods of production Determined by how much a person is able or willing to pay

121. Types of Economy MIXED market command MIXED- The most common type in the world. Most nations today have some form of “mixed economy.” This means that the national economy may have some aspects of a market economy & some aspects of a command economy.EXAMPLES The United States is thought to have a “mixed” economy. The government does not decide what will be produced & how much it will cost, but it does regulate certain goods & services, such as illegal drugs Australia is thought to have a “mixed” economy. The government does not decide what will be produced & how much it will cost, but it does regulate certain goods & services, such as illegal drugs. Australia is thought to have one of the freest economies in the world.

123. Economic Systems PureMarket (No Government Control) PureCommand (Total Government Control) AUSTRALIA Certain things are regulated, like illegal drugs & the Govt. runs the Postal Service BRAZIL Certain things are regulated & the Govt. runs the Postal Service & Healthcare CUBA The Govt. runs all industry.

124. Country Type of Economy Growing Or Struggling What government controls Australia Mixed Market Growing Not Much- Postal Service & Some substances are illegal Australian Economic Data Source: CIA World Fact Book Type of Currency: Gross Domestic Product (GDP): World Rank: GDP per Capita: World Rank: What does a high GDP & GDP per Capita tell us about the Standard of Living in a country?______________________________________________________________ Australian Dollar $889.6 Billion est.2010 18 th $41,300 est. 2010 17 th It is probably pretty good

125. Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)” What types of economic systems exist in the world today? What is the economic system used in Australia?

126. How would your life be different if all international trade was banned?

128. Intro to our……. “Essential Question(s)” How does specialization enhance Australia’s ability to trade with other countries? How do trade barriers (tariffs, quotas, and embargoes) hinder voluntary trade from occurring between countries?

129. Specialization- Specialization- When a country focuses on producing what they can produce and sell most easily. Hey Australia! What is your Specialty??????? Australia specializes in the production and export of: Coal, Iron Ore, Wool, Wheat, & Mineral Resources

130. :____________________________________ __________________________________________________ SPECIALIZATION:____________________________________ __________________________________________________ 3 Ways “specialization” benefits (helps) Australia and/or encourages worldwide trading: _____________________________________________ When a country produces the few things that it can produce & sell most easily. Specializes & makes products from its own natural resources Exports its products & makes money Imports products it can’t make itself & other countries make money ****EVERYBODY WINS****

131. Human-Made Trade Barriers Tariff – Tariff – a Tax on Imported Goods (makes them more expensive & makes it less likely consumers will buy) Quota- A Limit on the amount of goods that can be imported from another country. Embargo- Embargo- A total Ban on trade with a country – Usually motivated by politics to hurt another country economically.

132. Human-Made Trade Barrier What is it?Why is it done? TARIFF QUOTA EMBARGO Tax on imported goods To raise the prices of imported foreign goods, so people choose to buy cheaper goods made domestically Limit on the amount of imported goods To raise the prices of imported foreign goods, so people choose to buy cheaper goods made domestically Total ban on imported goods from a country To punish a country economically

134. Australian Economic Data Source: CIA World Fact Book Exports Exports: World Rank: Export Partners: Major Exports: Imports Imports: World Rank: Import Partners: Major Imports: $210.7 Billion est.2010 21 China 21.81%, Japan 19.19%, South Korea 7.88%, India 7.51%, US 4.95%, UK 4.37%, NZ 4.1% coal, iron ore, gold, meat, wool, alumina, wheat, machinery and transport equipment $200.4 Billion est.2010 21 China 17.94%, US 11.26%, Japan 8.36%, Thailand 5.81%, Singapore 5.54%, Germany 5.3% machinery and transport equipment, computers and office machines, telecommunication equipment and parts; crude oil and petroleum products

136. Return to our……. “Essential Question(s)” How does specialization enhance Australia’s ability to trade with other countries? How do trade barriers (tariffs, quotas, and embargoes) hinder voluntary trade from occurring between countries?

138. What is Literacy Rate? % of a country’s population (15yrs. & Up) that can READ & WRITE What is Standard of Living? “Quality of Life” – Based on availability of resources to citizens What sort of statistical data can be used to gauge, or measure standard of living? Life Expectancy, Infant Mortality Rate, Average Income, Average Level of Education, Amount of Internet Users, Etc. Did we find a relationship between literacy rate & standard of living during our data analysis? YES….. We found: that countries w/ a higher literacy rate typically had a higher standard of living & countries w/ a lower literacy typically had a lower standard of living=