1. Distribution in E-Commerce Back to Table of Contents

2. Distribution in E-Commerce Channels of Distribution Physical Distribution 2 Distribution in E-Commerce Section 13-1 Section 13-2 Chapter 13

3. Distribution in E-Commerce Section 13-1 Why It’s Important Businesses can sell all they are able, but if their distribution methods are not well planned and executed, they will quickly lose credibility with their customers. 3Section 13-1

4. Distribution in E-Commerce Section 13-1 Key Terms distribution channel of distribution intermediary cybermediary Web distributor Web affiliate aggregator 4Section 13-1

5. Distribution in E-Commerce Foundations of Distribution In business, one of the important functions is delivering the right product or service in the right quantities in the right place at the right time. 5Section 13-1

6. Distribution in E-Commerce Foundations of Distribution The plan for how a product will get from one place to another is often referred to as logistics. 6Section 13-1

7. Foundations of Distribution 7 Logistic Activities Section 13-1 receiving goods warehousing keeping track of inventory vehicle scheduling and control distribution of goods

8. Distribution in E-Commerce Foundations of Distribution When a product is purchased for business use, the end user is called an industrial user. When a product is purchased for personal use, the end user is called a consumer. 8Section 13-1

9. Distribution in E-Commerce How Distribution Works Businesses that are unable to provide quality distribution will lose customers. distribution the way the producer or manufacturer delivers products, services, or information to the consumer 9Section 13-1

10. Distribution in E-Commerce Channels of Distribution Producers use a specific channel of distribution to move goods to the end user. channel of distribution the path a product takes from producer or manufacturer to consumer 10Section 13-1

11. Distribution in E-Commerce Channels of Distribution Direct distribution occurs when goods and services are sold from the producer directly to the customer. Dell, the computer company, uses direct distribution. 11Section 13-1

12. Distribution in E-Commerce Channels of Distribution A business that does not produce the goods or services it sells, but gets them from producers and then sells them to consumers uses indirect distribution. 12Section 13-1

13. Distribution in E-Commerce Channels of Distribution A business that does not produce what it sells is an intermediary. intermediary a business that acts as a third party or go-between in moving products from the manufacturer to the end user 13Section 13-1 Indirect distribution involves one or more intermediaries.

14. Distribution in E-Commerce Channels of Distribution An e-commerce intermediary is called a cybermediary. cybermediary an Internet channel of distribution that helps move products from the manufacturer to the consumer or industrial user 14Section 13-1

15. Distribution in E-Commerce Channels of Distribution A cybermediary can be an e-tailer, which sells to the end user. 15Section 13-1

16. Distribution in E-Commerce Channels of Distribution A Web distributor is another type of cybermediary. Web distributor a business that markets and sells goods or services bought from a manufacturer on a wholesale basis to companies for use or for resale to the end user 16Section 13-1

17. Distribution in E-Commerce Channels of Distribution A Web affiliate is a cybermediary that makes money by referring customers to e-commerce Web sites. Web affiliate a business that forms a partnership with another online business and refers potential customers to the partner’s Web site for a commission or fee 17Section 13-1

18. Distribution in E-Commerce Channels of Distribution An aggregator is another type of cybermediary. aggregator a company that offers for distribution a number of products and services from a variety of manufacturers and producers 18Section 13-1 Many Web aggregators deliver information to customers.

19. Distribution in E-Commerce Channels of Distribution An online wholesaler is a cybermediary that receives large shipments of products from many different producers. It breaks the shipment into smaller batches for resale. 19Section 13-1

20. Distribution in E-Commerce Section 13-1 Review What is a channel of distribution? How does direct distribution differ from indirect distribution? What does a cybermediary do? Is a wholesaler a cybermediary? What are logistics as they apply to distribution? What are some logistic activities? What is a Web affiliate? How can a Web affiliate be helpful to an online business? 1. 2. 3. 4. Section 13-120

21. Distribution in E-Commerce Section 13-2 Why It’s Important To ensure efficient operations, businesses strive to keep their order processing streamlined. Customer loyalty is closely tied to the satisfaction involved with each transaction and maintaining good service is essential to doing business. Section 13-221

22. Distribution in E-Commerce Section 13-2 Key Terms electronic customer relationship management enterprise resource planning best-of-breed hosted E-CRM Section 13-222

23. Order Processing 23Section 13-1 Physical Distribution order processing transportation storage stock handling inventory control

24. Distribution in E-Commerce Order Processing Purchasing a product initiates the system of physical distribution. Using a successful order fulfillment system, employees can track customer orders, locate products, and resolve any problems that arise as items move from warehouse to shipping company to customer's doorstep. 24Section 13-2

25. Distribution in E-Commerce Electronic Customer Relationship Management Research A critical function of the order-fulfillment system is customer care. Electronic customer relationship management (E-CRM) is the cornerstone of good service. 25Section 13-2 electronic customer relationship management (E-CRM) software designed to manage and improve communication between a business and its customers electronically

26. Distribution in E-Commerce Electronic Customer Relationship Management Research In the early to middle 1990s, most E-CRM systems were stand-alone programs used in call centers to keep track of customer contacts and concerns. 26Section 13-2

27. Distribution in E-Commerce Electronic Customer Relationship Management Research As time went on, software vendors adapted existing enterprise resource planning (ERP) software applications to include E-CRM functionality. 27Section 13-2 enterprise resource planning (ERP) software originally developed to focus mainly on financial and human resources applications, but adapted to deal with customer relationship management issues, thus competing with E-CRM

28. Distribution in E-Commerce Electronic Customer Relationship Management Research Other software vendors worked to perfect stand- alone E-CRM software and sell it based on a best-of- breed philosophy. 28Section 13-2 best-of-breed when a company focuses on a single product or service to make it the best in its field

29. Distribution in E-Commerce Electronic Customer Relationship Management Research Today, best-of-breed and enterprise resource planning software coexist in the marketplace, while stand-alone programs generally have been phased out. 29Section 13-2

30. Distribution in E-Commerce Electronic Customer Relationship Management Research A new form of E-CRM, called hosted E-CRM, benefits companies that can not afford to buy expensive software. 30Section 13-2 hosted E-CRM arrangement where a company signs a contract with a vendor to “rent” E-CRM software on a per-seat basis (usually based on the number of employees)

31. Electronic Customer Relationship Management Research 31Section 13-2 Common E-CRM Functions logging customer contacts tracking shipments tracking and managing returns analyzing trends

32. Distribution in E-Commerce Transportation Transportation involves the actual physical movement of products. 32Section 13-2

33. Distribution in E-Commerce Transportation Questions to Ask 33Section 13-2 1.Which common shipping methods should the company offer? 2.What are the costs and benefits of each of these options? 3.Should the company offer additional incentives, such as free shipping or same- day shipping?

34. 34Section 13-2 Common Shipping Methods U.S. Postal Service (USPS) United Parcel Service (UPS) Types of Carriers Federal Express (FedEx)

35. Distribution in E-Commerce Types of Carriers Offering same-day shipping can give a company a competitive advantage, but can also cause customer complaints if deliveries are late. This dilemma illustrates a time-tested principle of business: underpromise, then overdeliver. 35Section 13-2

36. Distribution in E-Commerce Types of Carriers Amazon.com uses the principle of underpromise, then overdeliver by overestimating shipping times. Shipments rarely take as long as promised, and customers are usually pleased when shipments arrive sooner than they expect. 36Section 13-2

37. Distribution in E-Commerce Types of Carriers It is important for businesses to send customers e-mail at various stages of the shipping process. Customers feel as though their orders are moving closer toward them, that the company is efficient, and that the company cares about them. 37Section 13-2

38. Distribution in E-Commerce Warehousing, Stock Handling, and Inventory Control Online businesses that deal in material goods still need to store and inventory their products. An e-commerce business needs a warehousing system that makes it easy to take and fill orders quickly. 38Section 13-2

39. Distribution in E-Commerce Transportation Efficient Warehouse Organization 39Section 13-2 Goods that sell quickly should be placed near the dock doors. Products that are similar to each other should be kept together so they can be located easily.

40. Distribution in E-Commerce Section 13-2 Review How is hosted E-CRM different from E-CRM? What type of company should use hosted E-CRM? Why is it important for businesses to send customers e-mail at various stages of the shipping process? What does it mean to “underpromise and overdeliver?” How can this make a company look good to customers? What are some ways a warehouse can be organized efficiently? 1. 2. 3. 40Section 13-2 4.

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42. Distribution in E-Commerce End of Back to Table of Contents