1. EA and IT Infrastructure - 1© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Enterprise Architecture, IT Infrastructure, and Cloud Computing Minder Chen, Ph.D. CSU Channel Islands Martin V. Smith School of Business and Economics Minder.Chen@CSUCI.EDU

2. EA and IT Infrastructure - 2© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Big Picture Business Strategy Business Processes IT Strategy Business Capabilities IT Solutions Approach: Cost/Value Analysis Focus: Governance Portfolio Architecture Sourcing Need: Resilience, Flexibility, Opportunism Drivers: People, Process, Information, Relationships Focus: “Processized” Analysis – Vocabulary Metrics Context

3. EA and IT Infrastructure - 3© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Zackman Framework Source: http://www.zifa.com/framework.pdfhttp://www.zifa.com/framework.pdf

4. EA and IT Infrastructure - 4© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Heat Map

5. EA and IT Infrastructure - 5© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 IT Infrastructure “The hardware, software, and telecommunication/ networking systems or equipment together provide the underlying foundation to support the organization’s goals.”

6. EA and IT Infrastructure - 6© Minder Chen, 1995-2014

7. EA and IT Infrastructure - 7© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Web-based IT Infrastructure HTTP TCP/IP WWW InternetRun dynamic business logic components Software Applications DBMS Browsers User Interface Data Process App. Firewall 3 (N)-Tier Application Architecture

8. EA and IT Infrastructure - 8© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Stages in IT Infrastructure Evolution Mainframe/Mini Computers Personal Computer Client/Sever Computing Web-based enterprise applications Cloud Computing/mobile device BYOD (Bring Your Own Devices)

9. EA and IT Infrastructure - 9© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 The Network Is the Computer "Sun has always been very early, and often way too early with a lot of our ideas. For example, in the '80s we were preaching that the network is the computer. Shame on us for not summing it up in one word – cloud.“ –Scott McNealy

10. EA and IT Infrastructure - 10© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 On the Cloud The cloud symbol is often used as a notation as a network in the a system architecture diagram.

11. EA and IT Infrastructure - 11© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 # of Data Centers in America? 7,000 Economist Survey on IT, 2008 Virtualization

12. EA and IT Infrastructure - 12© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 % of Utilized Server Capacity on Average? 6% IDC, 2008 Service Utilization

13. EA and IT Infrastructure - 13© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Over Provisioning = Waste Demand Capacity Time Resources 13

14. EA and IT Infrastructure - 14© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Without Virtualization All require same power All emit same heat All require physical space Setup, (re-)configuration Maintenance, support…

15. EA and IT Infrastructure - 15© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 With Virtualization Flexibility Rapid provisioning Disaster Recovery High Availability Automation Systems Management integration Adaptive Datacenter

16. EA and IT Infrastructure - 16© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Definition of Cloud Computing The NIST definition of cloud computing: Cloud computing is a model for enabling convenient, on-demand network access to a shared pool of configurable computing resources (e.g., networks, servers, storage, applications, and services) that can be rapidly provisioned and released with minimal management effort or service provider interaction. The ability for end users to utilize parts of bulk resources and that these resources.

17. EA and IT Infrastructure - 17© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Characteristics of Cloud Services NIST identifies several characteristics for a service to be considered “Cloud”: On-demand self-service: The ability for an end user to sign up and receive services without the long delays that have characterized traditional IT. Broad network access: Ability to access the service via standard platforms (desktop, laptop, mobile etc). Resource pooling: Resources are pooled across multiple customers. Rapid elasticity: Capability can scale to cope with demand peaks. Measured Service: Billing is metered and delivered as a utility service can be acquired quickly and easily. http://resources.idgenterprise.com/original/AST-0032300_Understanding_the_Cloud_Computing_Stack.pdf

18. EA and IT Infrastructure - 18© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Platform Continuum Bring your own machines, connectivity, software, etc. Complete control Complete responsibility Static capabilities Upfront capital costs for the infrastructure Renting machines, connectivity, software Less control Fewer responsibilities Lower capital costs More flexible Pay for fixed capacity, even if idle Shared, multi-tenant infrastructure Virtualized & dynamic Scalable & available Abstracted from the infrastructure Higher-level services Pay as you go On-Premises Servers Hosted Servers Cloud Platform

19. EA and IT Infrastructure - 19© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Deployment Models: Cloud Computing Private cloud, Community cloud, Public cloud, Hybrid cloud Source: http://csrc.nist.gov/publications/nistpubs/800-145/SP800-145.pdf

20. EA and IT Infrastructure - 20© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 http://aws.amazon.com/ http://www.salesforce.com/ PaaS Software as a service (SaaS) Google AppEngine Amazon's EC2 (Elastic Compute Cloud) Fulfilled by Amazon

21. EA and IT Infrastructure - 21© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Cloud-based Storages/Apps DropBox Google’s GoogleDocs Microsoft SkyDrive Amazon Cloud Drive Apple’s iCloud

22. EA and IT Infrastructure - 22© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Fulfilled By Amazon Source: http://services.amazon.com/fulfillment-by-amazon/how-it-works.htm http://amazongenius.com/fulfillmentbyamazon/

23. EA and IT Infrastructure - 23© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Technology drivers of infrastructure evolution Moore’s law and micro-processing power  Computing power doubles every 2 years  Contrary factors: Heat dissipation needs, power consumption concerns  Nanotechnology: May shrink size of transistors to width of several atoms Law of Mass Digital Storage  The amount of data being stored each year doubles Metcalfe’s Law and network economy  Value or power of a network grows exponentially as a function of the number of network members  As network members increase, more people want to use it (demand for network access increases) http://www.emc.com/collateral/demos/microsites/idc-digital-universe/iview.htm

24. EA and IT Infrastructure - 24© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Advancing Rates of Technology (Silicon, Storage, Telecom) Smaller & faster & cheaper

25. EA and IT Infrastructure - 25© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Data Volume 2 10 =1028

26. EA and IT Infrastructure - 26© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Storage: Falling Costs and Rising Investment http://www.emc.com/collateral/about/news/idc-emc-digital-universe-2011-infographic.pdf

27. EA and IT Infrastructure - 27© Minder Chen, 1995-2014

28. EA and IT Infrastructure - 28© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 Backup Slides

29. EA and IT Infrastructure - 29© Minder Chen, 1995-2014 The Internet of Things