1.  CHAPTER 6  Understanding the CME Dial-Plan

2. Analog Voice Port Configuration: Foreign Exchange Station Ports (FXS): Used to connect analog devices such as analog phones, fax machines or modems to the router. Foreign Exchange Office Ports (FXO): Used to connect to the PSTN central office (CO) or a Private Branch Exchange (PBX) Use the Router#show voice port summary

4. Analog Voice Port Configuration: Configure FXS: Signaling Caller ID information Call progress tone

6. Analog Voice Port Configuration: Configure FXO: Dial-type Ring number (rings before answering)

7. Digital Voice Port Configuration: T1 or E1 Voice and WAN Interface Cards (VWIC) Must be configured before using (unlike FXO or FXS) Can use Channel Associated Signaling (CAS) Can also use Common Channel Signaling (CCS) Router(config)#controller t1 1/0 Router(config-controller)#framing esf Router(config-controller)#clock source line NOTE: Better to use line clocking provided from PSTN or provider Router(config-controller)#ds0-group 1 timeslots 1-24 type fxo-loop-start

8. Digital Voice Port Configuration: Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) Primary Rate Interface (PRI) Uses Chanel Associated Signaling (CAS) Router(config)#isdn switch-type primary-5ess Router(config)#controller t1 1/0 Router(config-controller)#pri-group timeslots 1-24 Router(config-controller)#show voice port summary

9. Configuring Dial Peers: POTS dial peer: Used to define voice reachability information for any traditional (analog) connection VoIP dial peer: Used to define any voice connection available through IP addressing

10. Call Legs: Any voice connection too or from a voice port or connection or voice device  Call Leg 1: The incoming POTS call leg from x1101 on CME_A  Call Leg 2: The outgoing VoIP call leg from CME_A to ROUTER_B  Call Leg 3: The incoming VoIP call leg on ROUTER_B from CME_A  Call Leg 4: The outgoing POTS call leg to x2510 from ROUTER_B

11. Configuring POTS Dial Peers for FXS Ports: CME_A(config)#dial-peer voice 1101 pots CME_A(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 1101 CME_A(config-dial-peer)#port 0/0/0 CME_A(config-dial-peer)#exit CME_A(config)#dial-peer voice 1102 pots CME_A(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 1102 CME_A(config-dial-peer)#port 0/0/1

12. Configuring Dial Peers: Router#show dial-peer voice summary

14. Configuring POTS Dial Peer for T1: Router_B(config)#dial-peer voice 2000 pots Router_B(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 2… Router_B(config-dial-peer)#no digit-strip Router_B(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:23

15. Configuring VoIP Dial Peer: CME_A(config)#dial-peer voice 2000 voip CME_A(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 2… CME_A(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2 CME_A(config-dial-peer)#codec g711ulaw If the configured codec does not match the opposite end then the call will fail. The default codec is G.729 Router_B(config)#dial-peer voice 1000 voip Router_B(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 1… Router_B(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1 Router_B(config-dial-peer)#codec g711ulaw

16. Using Dial-Peer Wildcards: Period (.): Will match any digit Plus(+): matches one or more instances of the preceding digits Brackets ([]): Matches a range of digits T: matches any dialed number from 0-32 digits Carrot (^): Does not match Comma (,): Inserts a one-second pause between dialed digits Example: 555[1-3]…Matches: 5551…, 5552…, 5553… (Where … is any three digits) 5+23Matches 5523, 55523, 55523 [14-6]555Matches 1555, 4555, 5555, 6555 55[59]12Matches 55512, 55912 [^1-7]..[135] Matches 8..1, 8..3, 8..5, 9..1, 9..3, 9..5 (Where is any two digits)

17. Digit Manipulation:

18. Digit Manipulation Problem:

19. Digit Manipulation Problem Answer:

20. North American Dial Plan: [2-9]……Used for 7-digit dialing [2-9]..[2-9]……Used for 10-digit dialing 1[2-9]..[2-9]……Used for 11-digit dialing [469]11Used for service numbers 011TUsed for international dialing

21. North American Dial Plan: Router(config)#dial-peer voice 90 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#description Service Dialing Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 9[469]11 Router(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 3 Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1 Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 91 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#description 10-Digit Dialing Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 9[2-9]..[2-9]…… Router(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 10 Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1 Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 92 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#description 11-Digit Dialing Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 91[2-9]..[2-9]…… Router(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 11 Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1 Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 93 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#description International Dialing Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 9011T Router(config-dial-peer)#prefix 011 Router(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1

22. Private Line Automatic Ringdown (PLAR): Router(config)#voice-port 2/0/0 Router(config-voiceport)#connection plar 1500 Router(config-voiceport)#voice-port 2/0/1 Router(config-voiceport)#connection plar 1500

23. Call Processing: Most specific pattern wins Once a match is found the call is processed Router(config)#dial-peer voice 1 voip Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 555[1-3]… Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1 Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 2 voip Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5551… Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2 If a user dials 5551234 dial-peer 2 will be used because it is a more specific match

24. Call Processing: Most specific pattern wins Once a match is found the call is processed Router(config)#dial-peer voice 1 voip Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 555[1-3]… Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1 Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 2 voip Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5551… Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2 Router(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 3 voip Router(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5551 Router(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.3 If a user dials 5551234 dial-peer 3 will be used because it is a more specific match. Router will drop the last three digits and only route the 5551 (Useful for emergency calls)

25. Matching Inbound and Outbound Dial Peers: 1. Match the dialed number (DNIS) using the incoming called number dial peer 2. Match the called ID information (ANI) using the answer- address dial-peer configuration 3. Match the caller ID information (ANI) using the destination- pattern dial-peer configuration 4. Match an incoming POTS dial peer by using the port dial-peer configuration 5. If no match has been found using the previous four methods, use dial peer 0

26. Call Leg 1: 1.(No Match) 2510 The dialed number does not match an incoming called-number dial peer 2.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the answer-address dial peer configuration on CME_A 3.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the destination-pattern dial peer configuration on CME_A 4.(Match) x1101 comes in FXS port 1/0/0 which matches an incoming POTS dial peer on CME_A by using the port dial peer configuration command

27. Call Leg 3: 1.(No Match) 2510 The dialed number does not match an incoming called-number dial peer on ROUTER_B 2.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the answer-address dial peer configuration on ROUTER_B 3.(Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does match the destination- pattern dial peer configuration command for the VoIP dial peer 1101 on ROUTER_B

28. Call Leg 4: 1.(No Match) 2510 The called number does not match an incoming called number 2.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the answer-address dial peer configuration on ROUTER_B 3.(No Match) x1101 Caller ID information (ANI) does not match the destination-pattern dial peer configuration 4.(No Match) x1101 did not come into a POTS interface (FXS, FXO, E&M, Voice BRI/T1/E1 digital interface that could be matched using the port command. It came via VoIP 5.(Match) Because ROUTER_B could not find a match it will use dial peer 0

29. Dial Peer 0: Default Dial Peer Uses any voice codec (Not hard coded) No DTMF relay: DTMF relay sends dial tones outside of the audio stream IP Precedence 0: Strips all QoS markings. Calls will now be sent as if they were normal data Voice Activity Detection (VAD) enabled: Allows bandwidth savings by not transmitting dead time No Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP) support: The router will not reserve end-to-end bandwidth Fax-rate voice: The router will limit fax bandwidth to that of the VoIP codec. Can devastate fax calls No application support: calls cannot be referred to outside applications No Direct Inward Dial (DID) support: Cannot use the DID feature to forward calls to an internal device from an PSTN source

30. Digit Manipulation: prefix digits: Allows for digits to be added to be specified forward-digits number: Allows for the number of digits that will be forwarded [no] digit-strip: Enables (default) or disables digit stripping num-exp: Transforms any number dialed that matches pattern. Example: num-exp 4… 5…Call 4321 converted to 5321 Example: num-exp 0 5000Call 0 converted to 5000 voice translation profile: Allows a translation profile of up to 15 rules to be transform the number

31. POTS Failover: If the VoIP network fails, the phone system should automatically switch to the POTS system

32. POTS Failover Configuration: Arizona(config)#dial-peer voice 10 voip Arizona(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 6… Arizona(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.2 Arizona(config-dial-peer)#preference 0 Arizona(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 11 pots Arizona(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 6… Arizona(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1 Arizona(config-dial-peer)#preference 1 Arizona(config-dial-peer)#no digit-strip Arizona(config-dial-peer)#prefix 1512555 Texas(config)#dial-peer voice 10 voip Texas(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 5… Texas(config-dial-peer)#session target ipv4:10.1.1.1 Texas(config-dial-peer)#preference 0 Texas(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 11 pots Texas(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 5… Texas(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0:1 Texas(config-dial-peer)#preference 1 Texas(config-dial-peer)#no digit-strip Texas(config-dial-peer)#prefix 1480555

33. Using num-exp to Transform numbers: Router(config)#voice-port 1/0/1 Router(config-voiceport)#connection plar 0 Router(config-voiceport)#exit Router(config)#num-exp 0 5000 Connects any dialed 0, to the receptionist within the company at extension 5000

34. POTS Lines for Emergency Calls: Remote_RTR(config)#dial-peer voice 10 pots Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination-pattern 911 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/0 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#no digit strip Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 11 pots Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 9911 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/0 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 3 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 12 pots Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 911 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/1 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#no digit-strip Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#dial-peer voice 13 pots Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#destination pattern 9911 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#port 1/0/1 Remote_RTR(config-dial-peer)#forward-digits 3

35. POTS Lines for Emergency Calls:

36. Translation Rule: Define the rules that dictate how the router will transform the number Associate the rules to a profile Associate the profile to a dial peer Format: rule 1 /match/ /set/ Router(config)#voice translation-rule 1 Router(config-translation-rule)#rule 1 /6/ /5/ Match the number “6” and replace with a “5”

37. Translation Profile: Define the rules that dictate how the router will transform the number Associate the rules to a profile Associate the profile to a dial peer Router(config)#voice translation-profile CHANGE_DID Router(config-translation-profile)#translate called 1 Router(config-translation-profile)#dial-peer voice 100 pots Router(config)#dial-peer voice 100 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#translation-profile incoming CHANGE_DID

38. Translation Profile:

39. Translation Order: num-exp Automatic digit strip (POTS dial peers) Voice translation profiles Prefix digits forward-digits Applied 1st Applied 2nd Applied 3rd Applied 4th Applied 5th

46. Class of Restriction (COR): Prevent employees from making international calls but allow management Block high cost numbers such as 1-900 Prevent certain internal phones from reaching executive office numbers

47. Class of Restriction (COR): Defining COR List Tags Router(config)#dial-peer cor custom Router(config-dp-cor)#name 911 Router(config-dp-cor)#name LOCAL Router(config-dp-cor)#name LD Create Outgoing COR List Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-CALL Router(config-dp-corlist)#member 911 Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer cor list LOCAL-CALL Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LOCAL Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer cor list LD-CALL Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LD Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit

48. Class of Restriction (COR): Defining Incoming COR Lists Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-ONLY Router(config-dp-corlist)#member 911 Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-LOCAL Router(config-dp-corlist)#member 911 Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LOCAL Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer cor list 911-LOCAL-LD Router(config-dp-corlist)#member 911 Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LOCAL Router(config-dp-corlist)#member LD Router(config-dp-corlist)#exit

49. Class of Restriction (COR): Assigning Outbound and Inbound COR Lists Router(config)#dial-peer voice 10 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#corlist outgoing 911-CALL Router(config-dial-peer)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer voice 11 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#corlist outgoing LOCAL-CALL Router(config-dial-peer)#exit Router(config)#dial-peer voice 12 pots Router(config-dial-peer)#corlist outgoing LD-CALL Router(config-dial-peer)#exit Router(config)#ephone-dn 1 Router(config-ephone-dn)#corlist incoming 911-ONLY Router(config-ephone-dn)#exit Router(config)#ephone-dn 2 Router(config-ephone-dn)#corlist incoming 911-LOCAL Router(config-ephone-dn)#exit Router(config)#ephone-dn 3 Router(config-ephone-dn)#corlist incoming 911-LOCAL-LD Router(config-ephone-dn)#exit

50. Class of Restriction (COR): Rules:  If there is no outgoing COR list applied then the call is always routed  If there is no incoming COR list applied then the call is always routed

51. Quality of Service (QoS): Lack of bandwidth Delay Fixed delay Variable delay Jitter (delay variations) Packet loss Requirements for VoIP and Video End-to-end delay: 150 mSec or less Jitter: 30mSec or less Packet loss: 1% or less Requirements for Data Mission-critical applications Transactional applications Best-effort applications Scavenger applications

52. Quality of Service (QoS) Mechanisms: Best Effort: Default method used in every network. No QoS mechanism is used. Integrated Services (IntServ): Works through a system of reservations reserving bandwidth for applications through the Resource Reservation Protocol (RSVP). Provides guaranteed bandwidth. Not scalable Differentiated Services (DiffServ): Most popular as it classifies traffic and places the traffic into cues with “almost guaranteed” bandwidth. Most used method.

53. Quality of Service (QoS) Mechanisms: Classification and Marking Congestion Management Congestion Avoidance Policing and Shaping Link Efficiency Payload Compression Header Compression Link Fragmentation and Interleaving (LFI)

54. Quality of Service (QoS) Mechanisms: Queuing Algorithms Weighted Fair Queuing (WQF); Balance bandwidth among all. Class-Based Weighted Fair Queuing (CBWFQ): Sets classes and assigns bandwidth Low Latency Queuing (LLQ): Adds priority to CBWFQ

55. Cisco AutoQoS: Automated system by Cisco Easy to implement Reduces the time of deployment Provides configuration consistency Reduces deployment cost Allows for manual tuning First establish a “Trust Boundary” AutoQoS uses Cisco Discovery protocol (CDP) so do not disable on connections that need it!

56. Cisco AutoQoS Example: Serial links must have the bandwidth command configured!

57. Cisco AutoQoS Configuration Example: Voice_Switch(config)#interface fa0/3 Voice_Switchr(config-if)#auto qos voip cisco-phone

58. Cisco AutoQoS Configuration Example: Router(config)#interface fa0/1 Router(config-if)#auto qos voip trust

59. Cisco AutoQoS Configuration: Voice_Switch(config)#interface fa0/3 Voice_Switch(config-if)#description Cisco Phone Voice_Switch(config-if)#auto qos voip cisco-phone Voice_Switch(config-if)#interface fa0/1 Voice_Switch(config-if)#description Switch Router Uplink Voice_Switch(config-if)#auto qos voip trust Router(config)#interface fa0/0 Router(config-if)#auto qos voip trust

60. Cisco AutoQoS Configuration: auto qos voip: Enable AutoQoS without trusting any markings. Router will remark all traffic types auto qos voip trust: Enable AotoQoS trusting any existing markings auto qos voip cisco-phone: Switch only! Enables AotoQoS and will trust any existing markings only if CDP detects a Cisco phone attached auto qos voip cisco-softphone: Switch only! Enables AutoQoS and will trust any existing markings if CDP detects a Cisco Softphone (IP Communicator) New version of AutoQoS is auto discovery! Auto discovery allows the router to monitor the traffic for an indefinite period and record traffic patterns and generate a QoS policy that can be applied

61. End of Chapter 6