1. Innovative Approaches to Wildlife/Highway Interactions Terminology

2. Communication  Complex challenges require complex answers  We need all the skills and innovation from ALL of you  …but let’s be able to understand each other

3. Professional Jargon  Engineers and biologists have different jargon  We assume everybody else understands it

4. Professional Jargon  Engineers work with objective, concrete concepts, and frequently well- substantiated data  Biologists work with subjective, abstract concepts, and uncertain data with many qualifiers

5. Crossing Structures  Two basic categories:  Structure crosses over the critters  The critters cross over the structure

6. Wildlife Crosses OVER the Traffic  Wildlife Overcrossings  Tunnels

7. Wildlife Overcrossing

9. Cumberland Gap Tunnel  Cars drive through the mountain  Habitat remains intact above

10. Wildlife Crosses UNDER the Traffic  Generalized term: UNDERPASS  Two types of underpasses  Bridge  Culvert

11. Single Span Bridge

13. Viaduct Viaduct

14. Culverts (Wildlife Crosses UNDER the Traffic)  Three general types  Box Culvert  Culvert (Continuous)  Bottomless Culvert

15. Box Culverts

16. Box Culvert

17. Culvert (Continuous)

19. Slotted Drain Culvert  Shawnee NF  For rattlesnakes

20. Bottomless Culverts

21. Bottomless culvert RISE SPAN LENGTH is perpendicular to road

22. Barriers  Used to divert or stop movement

23. Fence

24. Fence (Arizona)

25. Fence (Florida)

26. Boulder Fence for Elk

27. Jersey Barrier

28. Barriers: Cuts, Jersey Barriers

29. Barrier: Sound Wall

30. Barrier: Retaining wall

31. Escape Structures  Used to allow animals trapped on the roadway a way to escape  Two main types  Escape Ramp  One-way Gate  Some work better than others

32. Escape Ramp

34. Escape Ramp (from bottom) SAND

35. One-way Gate

36. One-way Gates: About 8 times less effective than Escape Ramps

37. Terminology Activity