1. Final Review Powerpoint

2. Simple Machines- A device that makes work easier, faster, or changes the direction of force using few or no moving parts Rube Goldberg- a complex machine that does a simple task Wheel and Axle- a large circular object attached to a smaller circular object that turns. When rotated, it can reduce friction of heavy objects. A machine can: make work easier, faster, or more effcient

3. Simple and Compound Machines
Gateway To Technology
Unit 5 – Lesson 5.3 – Applied Physics
Lever
A rigid bar used to turn about a fixed point called a fulcrum.

4. Simple and Compound Machines
Gateway To Technology
Unit 5 – Lesson 5.3 – Applied Physics
Parts of a Lever
If the fulcrum is located at the turning point
-The effort force is exerted on one arm (push or pull)
- The load is the opposing weight which tends to move in the opposite direction as the effort
Lever Arm
Effort
Load
Fulcrum

5. Simple and Compound Machines
Gateway To Technology
Unit 5 – Lesson 5.3 – Applied Physics
Wheel & Axle
The wheel and axle is a first class lever.
The fulcrum is replaced with an axle (a rod)
Lever arms are repeated around the axle.
Rotates the full 360 degrees rather than “teeter totter”

6. How does it make work easier?
Simple and Compound Machines
Gateway To Technology
Unit 5 – Lesson 5.3 – Applied Physics
How does it make work easier?
It can either:
Reduce the amount of force needed to move a distance Or
Increase the distance the object moves (requires more force)
Depending on where the effort is located: the axle or the wheel.
Examples:

7. Simple and Compound Machines
Gateway To Technology
Unit 5 – Lesson 5.3 – Applied Physics
Pulleys
A grooved wheel that rotates a rope, belt, or chain securely around it.
It makes work easier by:
changing the direction of force
Reducing the effort applied.

8. Simple and Compound Machines
Gateway To Technology
Unit 5 – Lesson 5.3 – Applied Physics
Examples of Pulleys

9. Simple and Compound Machines
Gateway To Technology
Unit 5 – Lesson 5.3 – Applied Physics
Inclined Plane
“ At an angle”
“flat surface”
An inclined plane is any slanted surface used to raise a load from a lower level to a higher level.
How does it make work easier?
Allows heavy objects to be lifted with less effort (trade off: it moves a longer distance)

10. Examples of Inclined Planes
Simple and Compound Machines
Gateway To Technology
Unit 5 – Lesson 5.3 – Applied Physics
Examples of Inclined Planes
Not a simple machine (the mountain)

11. Simple and Compound Machines
Screw
Gateway To Technology
Unit 5 – Lesson 5.3 – Applied Physics
An inclined plane wrapped around a cylinder, forming threads (a path and pitch)
Pitch is the distance between two threads
Screws turn rotary motion into linear motion

12. Simple and Compound Machines
Gateway To Technology
Unit 5 – Lesson 5.3 – Applied Physics
Examples of Screws
A screw can either:
raise/move weight
Press/ fasten objects together

13. Simple and Compound Machines
Gateway To Technology
Unit 5 – Lesson 5.3 – Applied Physics
Wedge
A Wedge is a moving inclined plane
-can be double sided (axe) or
-single sided (door wedge)
Tapers to a thin edge and is used for:
-Splitting things (pushing them apart)
-Tighten or hold things
-Help grip things (space for fingers)

14. Simple and Compound Machines
Gateway To Technology
Unit 5 – Lesson 5.3 – Applied Physics
Examples of Wedges
Almost all cutting tools make use of the wedge.

15. Energy and Energy Conservation
Gateway To Technology®
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Applied Physics
Work
Work is done when a force moves an object a distance.
Work = Force x Distance or W=FD
Which example below is doing work?
Remember, if it doesn’t move, no work is done.

16. Therefore, energy is defined as
Energy and Energy Conservation
Gateway To Technology®
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Applied Physics
Therefore, energy is defined as
The Ability to do Work

17. Energy and Energy Conservation
Gateway To Technology®
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Applied Physics
Kinetic Energy
Energy of a moving object
The two main forms of energy are kinetic and potential.
Increase students’ awareness of kinetic energy by having them
Identify objects in motion around them
Compare how various objects move (walk, roll, jump, etc.)
Analyze whether still objects are really moving (i.e., a plant)

18. Energy and Energy Conservation
Gateway To Technology®
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Applied Physics
Potential Energy
The energy present in matter due to its position or condition
Electrical
Elastic
Gravitational
The two main forms of energy are kinetic and potential.
Various forms of potential energy include:
Elastic – i.e., a trampoline resists being stretched out of shape
Electrical – i.e., a battery-operated flashlight converts electrical potential energy into light when turned on
Gravitational –an apple falling from a tree
Chemical – energy in food is used by our bodies to move; in a lighted firecracker it is used to make a loud sound and scatter pieces of the firecracker
Chemical
Thermal

19. Law of Conservation of Energy
Energy and Energy Conservation
Law of Conservation of Energy
Gateway To Technology®
Unit 3 – Lesson 3.1 – Applied Physics
With every transformation, some energy is converted to less useful forms. Energy conversions are not 100% efficient.
The energy output for the intended purpose is never the same as the energy we put in.
95 J heat out
An incandescent light bulb is only 5% efficient as a lighting device. It would be more efficient as a heater! All of the energy remains, but a lot is converted to “waste” form.
100 J electricity in
5 J light out

20. Distance- The amount of area an object will move
What is Work?
Work- the result of a force moving an object Work= Force x Distance
What is Force?
What is Distance?
Force- A push or pull on an object that causes it to move, change a direction, or stop
Distance- The amount of area an object will move

21. Moving Forward

22. Wait

23. Going In Reverse

24. What is Robotics (and a Robot)?
Automation and Robotics
Gateway To Technology®
Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Automation and Robotics
What is Robotics (and a Robot)?
Robotics involves the design, construction, and operation of a robot.
A robot is a mechanical or virtual machine guided by a computer program that performs tasks that are simple or complex
Can be controlled by a human or computer (autonomous)

25. Automation and Robotics
Gateway To Technology
Unit 2 – Lesson 2.1 – Automation and Robotics
What Robots Can Do
Precision work
Repetitive/monotonous work
Dangerous work
Exploration
Education
Competition
Precision Work - Programming a robotic arm to make something like a peanut butter and jelly sandwich could take hundreds of instructions. That is why in factories that use robotic devices, each device is designed and programmed to do just a few steps of the manufacturing process over and over again. The item being manufactured goes from one robotic station to the next until it is completed.
Robots can be programmed to do things that humans would grow tired of very easily or cause damage to the human body by repetitive movements (weld cars together, stack boxes, and so on). 
Dangerous Work Robots can be designed to perform tasks that would be difficult, dangerous, or impossible for humans to do. For example, robots are now used to defuse bombs, service and clean nuclear reactors.
Robots are used to explore the depths of the ocean and the far reaches of space. Quasi-autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles are now undertaking many of the military's most dangerous reconnaissance and strike missions.
Robotics in Education - The field of robotics is quickly becoming an exciting and accessible tool for teaching and supporting science, technology, engineering, mathematics (STEM), design principles, and problem solving. Robotics enables students to use their hands and minds to create like an engineer, artist, and technician does, all at once.
Competitive Robotics -Robotics competition is designed to provide people of all ages, backgrounds, and levels of study with the opportunity to demonstrate their knowledge and understanding of design, manufacturing processes, materials, programming, and other technologies. Students are judged on their application of technology principles to solve the challenge, knowledge of engineering concepts that aid them in solving the problem, and their ability to solve real-world problems in a team environment as they work together to overcome their opponents, all while having fun.
Unmanned combat aerial vehicles must do precise, repetitive and dangerous work.

26. The most basic type of gear is called a “simple gear train”
A simple gear train is two or more interlocking gears that transfer motion from one gear to the next.
Though we are only going to look at two gears at one time, you can add on as many gears that you need.

27. A simple gear train can:
Change direction of rotation
Change speed
A= Motor Gear (input)
B= Wheel Gear (output) A B

28. A simple gear train can:
Change direction of rotation
Change speed
Which one spins faster?
Can anyone guess why this is? A B