1. 1 Wageningen University “Consultation on THE WORLD BANK GROUP ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY” Ekko C. van Ierland January 2010 Environmental Economics and Natural Resources Group Wageningen University The Netherlands

2. 2 Wageningen University Economic system Ecological system CapitalLabor Recyc ling Natural Resources Waste StockFlowProcess Production Consumption Regeneration Interactions between economic system and ecological system: Stocks, Flows and Processes; Spatial and temporal scales

3. 3 Wageningen University Non-renewable resources Concentration Capital Emission Inputs Labor Inputs Products Production process Inputs Renewable resources Regenerated materials Inputs Sun Consumption process Wastes Investment Bio-physical process The ecological system The economic system Sun Interactions between economic system and ecological system: details

4. 4 Wageningen University Environmental problems +Air pollution +Water use and pollution +Waste +Toxic compounds +Climate change +Loss of biodiversity +Overexploitation of natural resources

5. 5 Wageningen University Economics Economics deals with the efficient allocation of resources Resources include: capital, labour and natural resources Key question: who produces or consumes what where when and for whom? Allocation by market and or government

6. 6 Wageningen University Main comments 1 of 2 Very good starting point, well balanced But general strategy, which still can made more explicit on the crucial dilemmas Key issues well-identified: climate, energy, water, forests, ecosystems More attention for irreversible impacts, e.g. toxic compounds, pesticides etc. Give detailed examples of dilemmas and how they may be solved! Be specific…

7. 7 Wageningen University Main comments 2 of 2 Correct emphasis on institutions Important role for NGOs and private sector More attention for impacts of population growth and options to reduce growth? Exploit options of clean development mechanism and other transfer mechanisms Correct emphasis on global benefits of ecosystem protection and payments for environmental services. How to create local employment and income and at the same time improve the environment?

8. 8 Wageningen University Thank you!