1. 3 G DATA ACCESS
TECHNOLOGIES

2. WHAT IS 3 G 3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and
technology, superseding 2G, and preceding 4G.
To meet the growing demands in network capacity, rates required for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications, 3G standards started evolving. .

3. Technologies 3G is superior to the other digital standards like:-
GSM (Global System for Mobile) communications standard used worldwide
.And IS-136 TDMA standard used primarily in North America.
3G Technologies:-
WCDMA or UMTS-FDD (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System - Frequency
Division Duplex)---Direct Spread
CDMA x-EvDO/EvDV---Multi carrier
UMTS – TDD (Time Division Duplex) or TD-SCDMA (Time Division - Synchronous
Code Division Multiple Access) ---Time Code
4G Technologies:-
Digital Audio Broadcast (DAB) and Digital Video Broadcast (DVB) for wide area
broadcasting
Local Multipoint Distribution System (LMDS)
Microwave Multipoint Distribution System (MMDS)

4. Route to 3G 1G: analog 2G : 1st digital mobile telephony
2.5G: transition from 2G to 3G
3G standard: IMT 2000

5. THE GENERATION OF MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES
Wireless communication revolution
Changing the way we live
Capabilities not possible in the past
In the last 30 years, we've evolved from a basic cellular phone system that only made phone calls that only very few individuals could obtain, to mobile devices that allow us to plan our day, send s, take pictures, listen to music, watch video.

6. History of Mobile Telephony First Generation (1G)
Early 1980's
Analog transmissions (Advanced Mobile Phone Service)
MHz
Cellular modems
Cellular Digital Packet Data (9600 bps)
Family of standards
Motorola MicroTAC
9800X AMPS
Motorola DynaTAC 8000X AMPS

7. First generation:- 3.DRAWBACK OF 1G
Almost all of the systems of this generation were Analog systems where voice was considered to be the main traffic.
1G wireless networks used analog radio signals. Through 1G, a voice call gets modulated to a higher frequency of about 150MHz and up as it is transmitted between radio towers. This is done using a technique called Frequency-Division Multiple Access (FDMA).
These systems could often be listened to by third parties.
3.DRAWBACK OF 1G
1G compares unfavorably to its successors. It has low capacity, unreliable handoff, poor voice links, and no security at all since voice calls were played back in radio towers, making these calls susceptible to unwanted eavesdropping by third parties.

8. History of Mobile Telephony Second Generation (2G)
Early 1990's
Digital AMPS
Personal Communications Service
1.9GHz band; 20-70Kbps typical
Utilized CDMA & TDMA
Advantages
Compression
Less power consumption
Short Messaging Service / MMS
Security
Disadvantages
Poor signal conditions
Lossy compression
Motorola StarTAC

9. Second generation:-
2G refers to second generation wireless telecommunication technology. While its predecessor, 1G, made use of analog radio signals, 2G uses digital radio signals.
Based on what type of multiplexing (the process of combining multiple digital data streams into one signal) is employed, 2G technologies may be categorized by whether they are based on time division multiple access (TDMA) or code division multiple access (CDMA).
Around 60% of the current market is dominated by standards. of second Generation.

10. TDMA-based 2G standards
It includes the following:
Global System for Mobile communications (GSM), used worldwide;
Integrated Digital Enhanced Network (IDEN), developed by Motorola and used in the United States and Canada;
Interim Standard 136 (IS-136) or Digital Advanced Mobile Phone System (D-AMPS), used in North and South America; and
Personal Digital Cellular (PDC), used in Japan.
IS-95, on the other hand, is CDMA-based. It was developed by Qualcomm, and is alternately known as TIA-EIA-95 or cdmaOne.

11. ADVANTAGES OF 2G
2G cellphone units were generally smaller than 1G units, since they emitted less radio power.
Another advantage of 2G over 1G is that the battery life of a 2G handset lasts longer, again due to the lower-powered radio signals
2G also offered additional services such as SMS and .
Its lower power emissions also made 2G handsets safer for consumers to use.

12. 2G Wireless
The technology of most current digital mobile phones
Features includes: - Phone calls - Voice mail - Receive simple messages
Speed: 10kb/sec
Time to download a 3min MP3 song: min

13. 2.5 Generation
2.5G, which stands for "second and a half generation," is a cellular wireless technology developed in between its predecessor, 2G, and its successor, 3G.
"2.5G" is an informal term, invented solely for marketing purposes, unlike "2G" or "3G" which are officially defined standards based on those defined by the International Telecommunication (ITU). The term "2.5G" usually describes a 2G cellular system combined with General Packet Radio Services (GPRS), or other services not generally found in 2G or 1G networks.

14. GPRS is a service commonly associated with 2. 5G technology
GPRS is a service commonly associated with 2.5G technology. It has data transmission rates of 28 kbps or higher.
Improved 2G networks (GPRS) manages to support few of applications like web browsing, ing, video streaming, Multimedia messaging service etc. therefore GPRS can also be said that it is 2.5 generation technology.
GPRS came after the development of the Global System for Mobile (GSM) service, which is classified as 2G technology, and it was succeeded by the development of the Universal Mobile Telecommunication Service (UMTS), which is classified as 3G technology.

15. 2.5G Wireless
The best technology now widely available
Features includes: - Phone calls/fax - Voice mail -Send/receive large messages - Web browsings - Navigation/maps - New updates
Speed: kb/sec
Time to download a 3min MP3 song: 6-9min

17. 3G: Overview International Mobile Telecommunications-2000
850, 900, 1800, 1900, 2100 MHz bands
Introduces packet-switching (sharing)
Increased security
Typical speeds
300Kbps - 1.4Mbps download
100Kbps - 800Kbps upload
Streaming multimedia

18. Third generations:-
3G is the third generation of mobile phone standards and
technology, superseding 2G, and preceding 4G.
To meet the growing demands in network capacity, rates required for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications, 3G standards started evolving.
It is based on the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) family of standards under the International Mobile Telecommunications programmer, IMT-2000.
3G technologies enable network operators to offer users a wider range of more advanced services.
Services include wide-area wireless voice telephony, video calls, and broadband wireless data, all in a mobile environment.

19. 3G Wireless
Combines a mobile phone, laptop PC and TV
Features includes: - Phone calls/fax - Global roaming - Send/receive large messages - High-speed Web Navigation/maps Videoconferencing - TV streaming - Electronic agenda meeting reminder.
Speed: 144kb/sec-2mb/sec
Time to download a 3min MP3 song: 11sec-1.5min

21. Evolution Paths 2G 2.5G 3G cdmaOne IS-95B Cdma2000 cdmaOne Cdma2000 1X
IS-95A
Cdma2000 1X
Cdma2000
1xEV-DO
TDMA
Cdma2000
1xEV-DV
IS-41 Core Network
EDGE
WCDMA
GSM
GPRS
GSM Map Core Network 2G
2.5G 3G

22. STANDARDS USED IN THE 3G MOBILES ARE FOLLOWING
W-CDMA also known as UMTS
CDMA2000
TD-CDMA / TD-SCDMA
UWC (often implemented with EDGE)
DECT

23. CDMA basics
Multiplexing - allowing multiple transmitters to send data simultaneously using the same frequency
 Each transmitter assigned a unique code to distinguish its transmissions over the medium
Allows for a larger bandwidth than TDMA (Time division multiple access) and FDMA (Frequency division multiple access)

24. CDMA analogy A room full of people speaking to each other.
Methods to distinguish conversations:
    Speaking one at a time: TDMA
    Speaking in different pitches: FDMA
    Speaking in different languages: CDMA

25. CDMA2000
Developed By the Third Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2)
Defines an Air Interface- set of protocols used between mobile units and their network
A Form of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
Used by over 250 Million Users world wide
The first version of CDMA2000 enabled up to 100 callers to share a single 1.25 MHz CDMA channel and provided a peak data rate of 153 Kbps
Evolution-Data Optimized (EV-DO) technology increased the peak data rate  to 3.1 Mbps per channel, with the average user experiencing from 500 to 800 Kbps

26. UMTS Developed by 3rd Generation Partnership Projects
Describes a network topology
Builds on GSM
Adds additional functionality
Complex network structure
3 physical layer (air interface) protocols
W-CDMA
TD-CDMA
TD-SCDMA

27. W-CDMA Overview
Initially developed by NTT DoCoMo in the late 1990's as the 3G air interface for their FOMA network
Later added to the IMT-2000 family of standards 
Chosen for UMTS
Most widely used UMTS air interface
High service flexibility
Variable data rates
Connections can use multiple channels
Used as basis for HSPA family of protocols

28. W-CDMA Technical Uses the 1920-1980, 2110-2170 MHz frequency range
'W' stands for wide band- 5MHz wide channels
 Full duplex
Frequency Division Duplexing (FDD) 
Time Division Duplexing (TDD)
Uses CDMA protocol
Originally was capable of speeds of 2 Mbps
With HSPA, rates of 14.4 Mbps have been achieved
HSPA+ yields peak rates of 58 Mbps

29. 3G TD-SCDMA
In china, more than 8 millions GSM subscribers were added in just 1 month.
china’s desire to craft its own wireless vision.
Chinese CATT and Siemens jointly submitted IMT G standard based on Time Division Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
Relies on existing GSM infrastructure
1.6 MHz channel and smart antennas to yield more spectral efficiency.
5 ms frames divided into 7 slots allocated to single data only user or several slow users
TD-SCDMA allows easy upgrade to GSM.

30. High Speed Packet Access
HSPA is built on W-CDMA
Software construct- requires minimal base station upgrades
Provides much faster data rates 14.4 Mbps downlink and 5.8 Mbps uplink
System capacity increased 5x for downlink and 2x for uplink
Stands for 2 different protocols
HSDPA - downlink
HSUPA - uplink
HSPA+
Evolved HSPA, 58 Mbps downlink 22 Mbps uplink
Utilized by the iPhone

31. 3G Capabilities
Voice quality comparable to the public switched telephone network
144 Kbps- user in high-speed motor vehicles
384 Kbps- pedestrians standing or moving slowly over small areas
Up to 2 Mbps- fixed applications like office use
Symmetrical/asymmetrical data transmission rates
Support for both packet switched and circuit switched data services like Internet Protocol (IP) traffic and real time video

32. THE EXPECTED GROWTH OF 3 G IN INDIA
India is seeing an unprecedented increase in the mobile users. According of one of the latest TRAI reports released in November 2008, the total number of mobile users in India has reached 325 million. In October 2008 alone, million new subscribers added. These figures are bound to shoot up with the launch of 3G network.

34. SERVICE PROVIDERS OF 3G IN INDIA
Some of the major mobile players in India are BSNL mobile, Airtel mobile, Reliance mobile and Tata mobile. At one time Aircel mobile was leading the market; however, it has now lost the market share to BSNL mobile, Airtel mobile and other leading mobile players.

35. 3G ENABLED HANDSETS IN INDIA Here are the top ten 3G phones of 2009 and their price in Indian Rupees 1. Nokia E 71 Rs. 19, Apple iphone 3G Rs Samsung Pixon Rs Nokia N85 Rs.22, Blackberry Bold Rs Blackberry Storm Rs (Only available bundled with Vodafone connection) 7. LG Secret Rs INQ 1 (Price not available) 9. Sony Ericsson C905 Rs.31, Samsung Omnia Rs.31,200

36. 3G in India by mid 2009 but with spectrum curbs
With the Government issuing guidelines for 3G, high speed mobile downloads and live television on mobile will finally become a reality by middle of But customers in Delhi or Mumbai may not have much to look forward to.
Due to spectrum constraints, there are merely three Global System for Mobile (GSM) operators that can offer 3G services. With one slot already reserved for MTNL and the other two open for global bids, customers in Delhi and Mumbai may end up missing the 3G bus if they don’t switch operators.

37. ADVANTAGES OF 3G TECHNOLOGY Utilizing the Technology
The Operations
Utilizing the Technology
Getting Info
Faster Speed
On Price

38. Utilization
AT&T utilizes HSPA which yields speeds upwards of 14.4 Mbps
QUALCOMM companies utilize EV-DO which yields speeds of 3.1 Mbps

39. DISADVANTAGES
Expensive input fees for the 3G service licenses
Numerous differences in the licensing terms
Large amount of debt currently sustained by many
telecommunication companies, which makes it a challenge to build the necessary infrastructure for 3G
Lack of member state support for financially troubled operators
Expense of 3G phones
Lack of buy-in by 2G mobile users for the new 3G wireless services GE

40. Features of 3G
Key features of 3G systems are a high degree of commonality of design worldwide, compatibility of services, use of small pocket terminals with worldwide roaming capability, Internet and other multimedia applications, and a wide range of services and terminals.

41. 3G Multimedia Applications
Features of 3G that make it well suited for multimedia:
Always on data transfer
Multiple directional   data transfer
IP datagrams
High data speeds

42. Always-on data transfer
Previous generations used time based connections
3G focused on data transfer, rather than time
Ability to stay on the network
More suited for internet applications
Done primarily with IP based connection

43. Multiple directional data transfer
3G allows for sending as well as receiving packets
2G does not support sending data packets
Allows for sharing content on the web
Many modern apps rely on uploading data

44. IP datagrams Communication on the internet is done primarily using IP
 3G communication can be done using IP datagrams
This allows for communication directly to the web without additional translation or network complexity
Mobile 3G devices look like typical end users to servers

45. High data speeds 3G offers speeds up to 14.4 Mbps
Streaming audio ( Kbps)
MPEG-1 (1.2 Mbps)
2G only reached Kbps   of data download

46. Outline History of Mobile Telephony 3G Overview CDMA basics
CDMA-2000 & UMTS
3GPP
3G Multimedia Application
Implementation of 4G
LTE & WiMAX
Communication Protocols
Application of 4G with Multimedia
Conclusion

47. 4G: The Next Generation
LTE (Long Term Evolution) Advanced, A more direct upgrade from 3G, currently a 4G candidate
WiMAX (Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access)[Available now with Clearwire and Sprint]

48. Properties of 4G LTE uses 700MHz, while WiMAX uses 2.5GHz
Features of LTE and WiMAX:
Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiplexing (OFDM)
Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO)
greater bandwidth efficency along with greater reliability than 3G
All IP-Core, More Multimedia friendly, videos, games, etc.
seamless transition from 4G to 3G coverage areas
State of the art encryption
Sprint:
Performance ~12 Mbps
LTE 360 Mbps, WiMAX144 Mbps

49. Applications of 4G with Multimedia
Live mobile Video
Mobile Gaming
Cloud based video services
More interactivity with use of GPS
As well as faster internet

50. Conclusion
Multimedia will continue to be more ubiquitous in mobile devices as time goes on
To keep up with the improving multimedia technologies, data rates and mobile devices will need to evolve with it
There will always be a desire for higher bandwidth
Market is constantly evolving, 4G is only the next step