1. Exit/Entrance slip: Explain in your own words what this means….

3. 1. Define and give an example of a. Survival of the fittest
Organisms that are best adapted to survive in their environments reproduce and pass traits to offspring.
Organisms with camouflage colors survive and pass traits to offspring.

4. 1. Define and give an example of b. adaptation
Inherited physical or behavioral trait that helps organisms survive.

5. 1. Define and give an example of c. struggle for existence
Life is struggle to survive. Animals have to compete for food, shelter, mates, and avoid getting eaten by predators.
Predators and prey.

6. 1. Define and give an example of d. descent with modification
Living things look different from their ancestors because they changed as they adapted to different environments.
Tigers, lions, cheetahs, panthers descended from sabertooth tiger.

7. 2. Describe three different forms of evidence that support Darwin’s theory of evolution, e.g. fossil record, homologous structures, similarities in embryology, etc.
Fossils show how life has changed over time, how new species related to old.

8. 2. Describe three different forms of evidence that support Darwin’s theory of evolution, e.g. fossil record, homologous structures, similarities in embryology, etc.
Similar body structures in different animals point to common ancestry, e.g. limbs of reptiles, amphibians, birds, mammals.

9. Coelacanth

10. 2. Describe three different forms of evidence that support Darwin’s theory of evolution, e.g. fossil record, homologous structures, similarities in embryology, etc.
Similarities in embryos of different animals points to common ancestors.

11. Similarities in DNA points to common ancestors.
2. Describe three different forms of evidence that support Darwin’s theory of evolution, e.g. fossil record, homologous structures, similarities in embryology, etc.
Similarities in DNA points to common ancestors.

12. 3. Explain in terms of natural selection why giraffes have long necks.
Giraffes used to have short necks. Giraffes born with long necks survived and reproduced, passing traits to offspring. Giraffes with short necks starved, didn’t reproduce.

13. 4. How would Lamarck explain giraffes’ long necks
4. How would Lamarck explain giraffes’ long necks? What’s wrong with his explanation?
Giraffes used to have short necks. Giraffes stretched their necks to get leaves, passed that trait to offspring. Characteristics acquired in life not passed to offspring.

14. 5. Explain in terms of natural selection why the finches on different islands in the Galapagos have different size beaks.
Birds with beaks adapted to food on that island survived and reproduced, passing trait to offspring. Birds with beaks not adapted to food on that island, starved and didn’t reproduce.

15. 6. Explain the role of DNA mutation and sexual reproduction in natural selection.
DNA mutation (changes in DNA) creates more variety in offspring. Sexual reproduction makes more variety in offspring because mixing genes from 2 parents. More variety in offspring means more chance some will be better adapted for survival.
Variation in offspring is what drives evolution by natural selection.

16. 7. What is the scientific definition of a “theory
7. What is the scientific definition of a “theory?” How is this different from the way non-scientists use the word?
Well-supported explanation for things we observe in nature.
To non-scientists, theory means something “iffy.” To scientists, it means something accepted as true; not “iffy”.
Plate tectonics is a theory, not considered “iffy”.

17. 8. How is evolution like a “tree of life?”
All modern animals and plants came from common ancestors like different twigs on a tree coming from same branches or same trunk.

20. 9. Explain in terms of natural selection why it’s important to take all the antibiotics in the bottle when you get sick.
If you don’t take them all, you’ll leave behind the ones that are already resistant to the antibiotic. They’ll reproduce, meaning the antibiotic won’t work next time.

21. Another look at Darwin and evolution: cooperation vs. competition….
What does it mean that we’re “hard-wired for compassion” and how has that helped humans to survive?
I AM: 21:25-32

22. The species of finches that Charles Darwin found on the Galápagos Islands displayed different structural adaptations. One of the adaptations that Darwin noted was the
a. similarities of the birds’ embryos.
b. length of the birds’ necks.
c. birds’ different-shaped beaks.
d. number of eggs in each bird’s nest.

23. Charles Darwin called the ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in its environment
a. fitness.
b. descent with modification.
c. adaptation.
d. evolution.

24. According to Darwin’s theory of natural selection, individuals who survive are the ones best adapted for their environment. Their survival is due to the
a. selective choices made by plant and animal breeders.
b. possession of adaptations developed through use in their lifetime.
c. possession of inherited adaptations that maximize fitness.
d. absence of competition within the species.

25. Which statement is in agreement with Darwin’s theory of evolution?
a. The organisms that are the fittest are always largest and strongest.
b. More offspring are produced than can survive with limited resources.
c. Characteristics acquired from life experiences are passed on to offspring.
d. The number of offspring is not related to fitness.

26. When lions prey on a herd of antelopes, some antelopes are killed and some escape. Which part of Darwin’s concept of natural selection might be used to describe this situation?
a. reproductive isolation
b. acquired characteristics
c. survival of the fittest
d. descent with modification

27. Darwin’s idea of “descent with modification” explains
how animals at the top of a mountain look different from those at the bottom.
how animals with wings are better able to find food better than those without.
how animals that blend in with their environment are able to escape predators.
how modern reptiles are related to dinosaurs from millions of years ago.

28. Charles Darwin’s observation that finches of different species on the Galápagos Islands have many similar physical characteristics supports the hypothesis that these finches
a. originated from a common ancestor.
b. all eat the same type of food.
c. have the ability to interbreed.
d. acquired traits through use and disuse.

29. Darwin’s theory of evolution suggests that
a. species change over time.
b. extinct species are not related to living species.
c. different species can interbreed.
d. animals that look alike are the most closely related.

30. Which of the following phrases best describes the results of natural selection?
a. the natural variation found in all populations
b. unrelated but similar-looking species living in different environments
c. changes in the inherited characteristics of a population
d. the struggle for existence undergone by all living things