1. Geothermal Energy Responsible for information in Yellow..

2. Geothermal Features Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2 nd edition, 2004

3. 1. Geysers – Hot water and steam http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geyser Clepsydra Geyser in Yellowstone

4. 2. Hot Springs – Hot water only Hot springs in Steamboat Springs area. http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/geothermal/geothermal.html

5. 3. Fumaroles – Steam only Clay Diablo Fumarole (CA) White Island Fumarole New Zealand http://volcano.und.edu/vwdocs/volc_images/img_white_island_fumerole.html http://lvo.wr.usgs.gov/cdf_main.htm

6. Geothermal Energy

7. Geothermal in Context Energy Source20002001200220032004 P P Total a a 98.96196.46497.95298.714100.278 Fossil Fuels84.96583.17684.07084.88986.186 Coal22.58021.95221.98022.71322.918 Coal Coke Net Imports0.0650.0290.0610.0510.138 Natural Gas b b 23.91622.86123.62823.06923.000 Petroleum c c 38.40438.33338.40139.04740.130 Electricity Net Imports0.1150.0750.0780.0220.039 Nuclear Electric Power7.8628.0338.1437.9598.232 Renewable Energy6.1585.3285.8356.0826.117 Conventional Hydroelectric2.8112.2422.6892.8252.725 Geothermal Energy0.3170.3110.3280.3390.340 Biomass d d 2.9072.6402.6482.7402.845 Solar Energy0.0660.0650.064 0.063 Wind Energy0.0570.0700.1050.1150.143 http://www.eia.doe.gov/cneaf/solar.renewables/page/geothermal/geothermal.html U.S. Energy Consumption by Energy Source, 2000-2004 (Quadrillion Btu) http://energybusinessdaily.com/renewables/how-much-renewable- energy-do-we-use/

8. Advantages of Geothermal http://www.earthsci.org/mineral/energy/geother/geother.htm Low CO 2 production Very cheap

9. Global Geothermal Sites http://www.deutsches-museum.de/ausstell/dauer/umwelt/img/geothe.jpg

10. Geothermal Sites in US

11. Extracting Geothermal Energy

12. Geothermal Energy for Electricity: How it works Holes are drilled down to the geothermal hot region, steam or hot water comes up which is used to drive turbines. The turbines drive generators that make electricity. http://www.worldbank.org/html/fpd/energy/geothermal/technology.htm

13. Types of Geothermal Power Plants: Dry steam power plant: Steam comes directly from ground to drive turbines. Single flash power plant: Hot water (360F) under pressure is pumped from ground and “flashed” to steam which drives turbines. Binary Cycle power plant: Hot water (225- 360F) is used to turn an organic liquid into a vapor which drives turbines. Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2 nd edition, 2004

14. Dry Steam Schematic Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2 nd edition, 2004

15. Single Flash Steam Schematic Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2 nd edition, 2004

16. Binary Cycle Schematic Boyle, Renewable Energy, 2 nd edition, 2004

17. Hot Dry Rock Technology 1.Wells drilled 2-3 miles into crust 2.Water pumped in, 3.Hot water/steam returns to surface 4.Steam used to generate power http://www.ees4.lanl.gov/hdr/

18. Hot Dry Rock Technology Fenton Hill, NM plant http://www.ees4.lanl.gov/hdr/

19. Is Geothermal Renewable? Heat is depleted as ground cools but it is considered a renewable resource as long as the ground is not cooled too fast. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geothermal

20. Instructions: Use a Texas geothermal map to answer the following questions: 1.What is the temperature of the geothermal reservoir in Collin County? 90-160 F 1.Power plant an option? NO 2.Other uses? Heat homes, swimming pools, fish farms

21. Geothermal Heat Pump Heats and cools your house

22. For heating: A substance called a refrigerant carries the heat from one area to another. When compressed, it is a high temperature, high-pressure liquid. This hot liquid heats the house. For cooling: If the refrigerant in the lines is allowed to expand, it turns into a low temperature, low pressure gas. The gas then absorbs heat from the house and transfers it down into the ground. Geothermal Heat pump: How it works

23. http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/home/heati ng_cooling/geothermal.html http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/geothermal- heat-pumps Geothermal Heat pump diagram/Video

24. Heat pumps are about 45% more efficient than a traditional air conditioning/heater combination. You spend about 30%-40% less on your electric bill. (Pays itself off in about 5-10 years.) Geothermal Heat Pump Efficiency