1. Black Walnut Juglans Cinercea By David Marquardt

2. Classification Kingdom PlantaePlantae Subkingdom TracheobiontaTracheobionta Superdivision SpermatophytaSpermatophyta Division MagnoliophytaMagnoliophyta Class MagnoliopsidaMagnoliopsida Subclass HamamelididaeHamamelididae Order JuglandalesJuglandales Family JuglandaceaeJuglandaceae Genus Juglans L.Juglans L. Species Juglans nigra L.Juglans nigra L.

3. Shape, Form, and Leaf This is a large deciduous tree It has and overall oval shape with an open crown. Leaves are alternate and pinnately compound. There can be 23 leaflets on a single leaf and each one can be 5 inches long. The leaves are serrated and have a dark green color. Figure 1

4. Bark and Twigs The Black Walnuts bark has deep skinny furrows and a diamond pattern. It is dark brown to gray black in color and has a bitter taste. Figure 2 Figure 3

5. Buds, Fruits, and Flowers (1, 4) The bud is fuzzy and form a “monkey face” on the auxiliary leaf scars The fruit of a black walnut is a inner kernel surrounded by a round shell with two halves and a thick outer husk The husk is green when immature (Figure 5) and yellow-black when ripe (Figure 6) Flowering begins in mid-April to June depending on Latitiude earlier in the South and later in the North Female flowers usually appear first a style called protogyny Self pollination does not usually occur but is possible Fertilization follows 2-3 after pollination Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7

6. Habitat and Range (3) The black walnuts range extends from Vermont and New York to Southern Minnesota and South to Texas. From there it reaches East to Florida and the East Coast, Excluding the Southern Mississippi river valley and delta Black walnuts grow as single trees or small groups especially in the well-drained valleys and coves of the Appalachian mountains Figure 8

7. Uses (2,3,4) Black Walnut can be used in a variety of foods and medicines The wood is in furniture The outer bark can be chewed for toothaches The inner bark is a laxative The husk of the seed can be made into a poultice to fight ringworm or an anti parasitic powder The leaves can make a soothing skin and eye wash The market for Black walnuts exceeds $1 million every year for the nuts to be used in food Black Walnuts can be used for any meal that uses nuts Figure 9

8. Bibliography Internet Sources – 1Brand, M. Juglans nigra. Juglans Nigra. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/j/jugnig/jugnig1.html http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/j/jugnig/jugnig1.html – 2Bergeron, K. Black Walnut Herbal Medicine Use. Herbs, Herb Pictures, Medicinal Plants. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from http://altnature.com/gallery/black_walnut.htmhttp://altnature.com/gallery/black_walnut.htm – 3Robert D. Williams. 2010. Black Walnut. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Juglans+nigra http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Juglans+nigra – 4Bruce, C. black walnut food. SDSU: Biology and Microbiology Department. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from http://biomicro.sdstate.edu/nativeplants/uses/125-food.html http://biomicro.sdstate.edu/nativeplants/uses/125-food.html

9. Bibliography (cont.) Figures – 1Brand, M. Juglans nigra. Juglans Nigra. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/j/jugnig/jugnig1.html http://www.hort.uconn.edu/plants/j/jugnig/jugnig1.html – 2 Steven Baskauf. 2002. Juglans Nigra. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/image/j/juni-- twchamber-pith15205.htm http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/image/j/juni-- twchamber-pith15205.htm – 3 Robert D. Williams. 2010. Black Walnut. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Juglans+nigra http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Juglans+nigra – 4 Valerie Lykes. 2004. Cold Brook Reserve. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from http://www.co.hunterdon.nj.us/depts/parks/virtualtours/coldbr ook/pic22.htm http://www.co.hunterdon.nj.us/depts/parks/virtualtours/coldbr ook/pic22.htm

10. Bibliography (cont.) Picture sources – 5 Dave Hanson. Juglans Nigra. Retrieved June 23, 2010 from http://www.mntca.org/resources/treeid/tree_dec_alt_wal_black.html http://www.mntca.org/resources/treeid/tree_dec_alt_wal_black.html – 6 Fewless, G. (n.d.). Trees of Wisconsin: Juglans nigra, black walnut. University of Wisconsin - Green Bay. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from http://www.uwgb.edu/biodiversity http://www.uwgb.edu/biodiversity – 7 Steven Baskauf. 2003. Female Flower and Male Catkin. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/juni.htm http://www.cas.vanderbilt.edu/bioimages/species/juni.htm – 8 Robert D. Williams. 2010. Black Walnut. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Juglans+nigra http://www.discoverlife.org/mp/20q?search=Juglans+nigra – 9 Bergeron, K. Black Walnut Herbal Medicine Use. Herbs, Herb Pictures, Medicinal Plants. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from http://altnature.com/gallery/black_walnut.htm http://altnature.com/gallery/black_walnut.htm