1. WRITING REFERENCES ULAB 2122

2.  General & Specialized References (books)  Journals / Periodicals (print and electronic)  Conference / Symposium articles  Theses & Dissertations  Directories & Encyclopedias  Internet / Web documents Reference Sources

3. Basics of Writing References/ Bibliography Book entry: i) name of author/authors, ii) year published, iii) title of book, iv) where printed, v) name of publisher. Berg, B. L. Q. (2004). Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences. Boston: Allyn and Bacon. Strauss, A. and Corbin, J. (1998). Basics of qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and techniques. Thousand Oaks: Sage. 1.Sequenced alphabetically 2.2 nd line onwards = indented 3.Title of book italicized

4. Article in book with Editor(s): i) name of author of article, ii) year book published, iii) title of article, iv) name of editor/editors, v) title of book, vi) where printed, vii) name of publisher. Crossley, M. (2007). Narrative Analysis. In Lyons, E. and Coyle, A. (Eds.). Analysing Qualitative Data in Psychology. Los Angeles: Sage Publications. OR Crossley, M. (2007). Narrative Analysis. In E. Lyons, and A. Coyle, (Eds.). Analysing Qualitative Data in Psychology. Los Angeles: Sage Publications.

5. Article in journal: i) name of the author, ii) year published, iii) title of article, iv) name of journal, v)volume & issue number, vi)page number of whole article Flyvbjerg, B. (2006). Five misunderstandings about case-study research. Qualitative Inquiry.12(2), 219- 242. Walshe, J. (2008). The professional development of teachers. ProQuest.10(1), 31-24.

6. Internet source: (not dated) i) name of author, ii) indicate not dated, iii) title of article, iv) date of retrieval, v) internet address Clark, J. K. (n.d.). Compilations of academic issues. Retrieved on June 23, 2005, from http://www.cac.psu.edujbe.com/ http://www.cac.psu.edujbe.com/

7. Conference/symposium articles: i) name of author, ii) year presented, iii) title of article, iv) name of conference/symposium, v) date of conference/symposium, vi) location of conference/symposium Sheta, A. F. and De Jong, K. (1996). Parameter Estimation of Nonlinear Systems in Noisy Environments Using Genetic Algorithms. Proceedings of the 1996 IEEE International Symposium on Intelligent Control. 15-18 September, Dearborn, Michigan.

8. Doctoral theses or Master’s dissertations: i) name of the author, ii) title of thesis/dissertation, iii) who awarded the thesis/dissertation Adnan Bin Hassan. (2002). On-line Recognition of Developing Control Chart Patterns. Unpublished doctoral thesis. Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai.

9. Reference Style Style MLA (Modern Languages Association) APA (American Psychology Association) Harvard UTM Manual of Style (2007) Details Name of author (s) Year Title of books / article Editor (s) Publisher Place of Publication Page number Number / Volume Addresses Retrieved Date alphabetical number system Journal Internet

10. MLA (Modern Languages Association) Style: Bailey, Stephen. Academic Writing: A Handbook for International Students. London: Routledge, 2006, Print. Brown, William S. The new employment contract and the at risk worker. Journal of Business Ethics 58 (2005): 195-201.Print Pader, Emilia and Young, Trevor. The Effect of Global Warming on Baffin Island Polar Bears, Proceedings of North Dakota Conference on Climate Change Conference, 8-10 March 2008, University of North Dakota, Print. Swales, John M. and Feak, Christine B. Academic Writing for Graduate Students. USA: The University of Michigan Press, 2007, Print. Surname First name (in full) Middle name (initial) References sequenced in Alphabetical order

11. APA (American Psychology Association ) Style Bailey, S. (2006). Academic Writing: A Handbook for International Students. London: Routledge. Brown, W. S. (2005). The new employment contract and the at risk worker. Journal of Business Ethics 58, 195-201. Pader, E. & Young, T. (2008, March). The Effect of Global Warming on Baffin Island Polar Bears, Proceedings of North Dakota Conference on Climate Change Conference, North Dakota. Swales, J. M.; & Feak, C. B. (2007). Academic Writing for Graduate Students. USA: The University of Michigan Press. Surname First & Middle name (initials) References sequenced in Alphabetical order

12. HARVARD STYLE: Bailey, S. 2006. Academic Writing: A Handbook for International Students. London: Routledge. Brown, W. S. 2005. The new employment contract and the at risk worker. Journal of Business Ethics 58, 195-201. Pader, E. and Young, T. 2008, The Effect of Global Warming on Baffin Island Polar Bears, Proceedings of North Dakota Conference on Climate Change Conference, North Dakota. Swales, J. M. and Feak, C. B. 2007. Academic Writing for Graduate Students. USA: The University of Michigan Press. Similar to APA Style but no brackets for Year References sequenced in Alphabetical order

13. UTM THESIS MANUAL STYLE = APA Style Bailey, S. (2006). Academic Writing: A Handbook for International Students. London: Routledge. Brown, W. S. (2005). The new employment contract and the at risk worker. Journal of Business Ethics. 58 (2), 195-201. Pader, E. and Young, T. (2008). The Effect of Global Warming on Baffin Island Polar Bears, Proceedings of North Dakota Conference on Climate Change Conference, 8-10 March. North Dakota, 360-365. Swales, J. M. and Feak, C. B. (2007). Academic Writing for Graduate Students. USA: The University of Michigan Press. References sequenced in Alphabetical order

14. UTM THESIS MANUAL STYLE = Number Style [1] J.D. Bagley, The behavior of adaptive systems which employ genetic and correlation algorithms, Ph.D. thesis, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, 1967. [2] J.H. Holland, Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems, University of Michigan Press, Ann Arbor, 1975. [3] K.A. De Jong, An analysis of the behavior of a class of genetic adaptive systems, Dissertation Abstracts International, vol. 36, no. 10, 1975, 5140B (University Microfilms No. 76-9381). [4] J.J. Grefenstette, Optimization of control parameters for genetic algorithms, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (1986) 122–128. References sequenced in order of appearance Numbered First & Middle names initials followed by Surname